Operating sites should develop and maintain processes that support personnel to be both fit for work and to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Personnel are trained in how to manage shift work and other workplace demands. The training covers site requirements for: 

• Managing and reporting impairment e.g. caused by fatigue, medication, illness etc.
• Impairment screening e.g. alcohol and other drug screening  
• Mental health and wellness goals

SMS-010 CNOC Fatigue V4.7 – The purpose of this Curragh procedure is to endeavour to: 1. Ensure that Curragh meets its obligations to Coal Mine Workers, visitors and the community to carry out its activities safely. 2. Ensure that Curragh takes all reasonable steps to minimise Fatigue-related risk through comprehensive education and training. 3. Provide a safe working environment at Curragh by taking all reasonable steps to control the workplace hazards associated with Fatigue. 4. Actively promote a culture among all Coal Mine Workers on the Curragh site that it is unacceptable to commute outside of their current individual Journey Management Plans, or to commence or continue work where a Coal Mine Worker is potentially unsafe due to Fatigue. Generally covers requirements for identifying fatigue, training CMW to react to fatigue, task and work area designs. Notes specific fatigue tools of Journey Management Plans, FFW declaration (for managing hours on site), and personal fatigue guidelines. At S14 Covers allowance for worker napping (SMS-010A) and escalation if poor personal preparation for work is a repeated occurrence.

SMS-011 Physical and Psychological Impairment V2.2 S2 Purpose This procedure: Provides practical guidance on detection and action where impairment is suspected; Provides a safe working environment by controlling the workplace hazards associated with personnel affected by physical and psychological impairment The process described is one of detection->medical centre review->medical practitioner consultation and ongoing support for the affected CMW (including through support from an external Employee Assistance Provider (EAP)). Relevant personnel are trained in requirements.

SMS-012 Alcohol and Other Drugs, V2.2 – S2 Purpose This procedure identifies and controls risks associated with the consumption of alcohol and other drugs at Curragh. Requirements for all CMW and visitors to attend site with a BAC of 0.00 and includes the steps for testing and training for use on site.

CGRA BLS-011 Fitness for Work V1.0 – Refers to CMW Health Scheme and how sites are to react to assessment reports. Reinforces Drugs and Alcohol, Personal Fatigue, Physical and Psychological Impairment, and Injury Management with processes to monitor and react to identified conditions.

OFI-026 Review and update site health and lifestyle training and support materials.

Workshop participants confirmed that additional self-management advice about balancing health, lifestyle, and work commitments can assist the Curragh North workforce. Providing practical information about approaches that assist individuals to make appropriate personal choices and can include diet, sleep and rest, commuting, alcohol and other drug choices, medication management, health support etc.

Mine shift rosters are challenging and a lack of rest and general lifestyle choices can lead to fatigue and impairment outcomes in the short-term and poor health and personal issues in the medium to long-term.

Review current site health and lifestyle training and support materials. Benchmark against good practice for remote mining operations, consider seeking expert input. As required update site processes emphasising processes for self-management to meet work requirements.

OFI-084 Investigate the benefits of introducing operator alertness monitoring technology

Workshop participants confirmed that there are comprehensive site fatigue and impairment management resources and processes in place to manage the hazards arising from continuous operations with 12 hour shift rosters. These site resources include advice and support for self management.

While the site fatigue management and impairment processes align with industry good practice, the effectiveness of these administrative controls for managing fatigued or impaired operators is limited.

Benchmark with other surface operations and consider investigating the benefits of introducing operator alertness monitoring technology.

Training and assessment carried out to schedule. Health and wellness self-management information is provided. Routine reinforcement of site impairment management expectations and processes.

BLS-011-FRM-4 Fitness for Work – Roster Fatigue Assessment – provides calculation sheets for available rosters and grades worker’s roster by sleep opportunity, work environment, and task factors.

BLS-011-FRM-01 Restrictions Management Plan – formal recording of any physical or medical restrictions on tasks and work-times that a CMW can perform.

BLS-011-FRM-02 FFW Medical Declaration – form for capturing the medications that workers are taking that are on the notify list.

BLS-011-FRM-03 FFW Individual Journey Management Plan – Formal process to capture car pooling, allowable travel hours, and additional controls for a CMW to put in place for safe travel to or from site, or when on company business.

Confirmation that fit for work training and awareness is completed to schedule and that work area references are available. Fatigue monitoring technology, incident reviews.

All workers who operate mobile equipment at the mine are trained and assessed for competency for operating defined equipment type, identifying and managing operating environment and vehicle interaction hazards.

All workers who operate mobile equipment at the mine (and other workers who routinely interact with vehicles e.g. maintainers) are trained and assessed for competency covering site and role relevant aspects including:

• Understanding requirements for authorisation to operate equipment and to be in a work area (supervisor or mining official clearances)
• Completion of pre-start inspections
• Correct operating techniques (including communications required for starting and moving, identifying and maintaining no-go zones around mobile equipment etc.); appropriate brake and retarder use during equipment operation
• Equipment load limits – weight and dimensions
• Site requirements for loading and unloading covering: Load security and stability based on site conditions and requirements; Vehicle stability precautions to be taken when raising trays, tubs, or buckets and tipping loads e,g, identifying loads types that can hang up e.g. when transporting clays; Securing of loads;
• Proper movement of people: wearing seatbelts; not transporting passengers in buckets, trays etc.; ensuring that passengers wear seatbelts or other restraints
• Preparation before servicing and maintenance, including: Electrical isolation of equipment; cleaning of all mud or loose material; travelling to maintenance location or parking fundamentally stable
• Identification and management of infrastructure hazards e.g. HV powerlines
• Use of refuelling equipment and refuelling procedures
• Park-up procedures to achieve fundamental stability
• Identification and reporting of poor road conditions such as substandard delineation, windrows or bund heights, road surface, obstructions etc.
• Tyre management including preventing and dealing with tyre heating and managing flat tyres
• Identifying and responding to mechanical and electrical faults while driving
• Constraints for operating around pedestrians
• Precautions for use of remote controlled equipment
• Responding to unintended equipment operations or movements
• Site emergency requirements
• Prevention of and response to tyre fires including activating the fire suppression system
• Responding to events that impact on tyre and vehicle integrity (e.g. contact with debris, etc.)

PLN-001 Safety and Health Management Plan – S7 Mine Training Scheme The Mine Training Scheme describes the systems in place to ensure that all CMW’s at Curragh have the appropriateTraining, Competence and Authorisation to complete tasks and activities safely…

SMS-021 Mine Training Scheme V8.3 – S3 Scope This scheme outlines responsibilities and guidelines for the training, tuition and assessment of all Coal Mine Workers (CMW) working at or visiting the Coronado Curragh Complex operations. Generally – covers induction, training and assessment process (different persons), sequence of training (apply, then, under direct supervision, then, general supervision, then, competent), and recognition of prior learning process.

CGRA BLS-006 Training – Requires sites to establish Training Needs Analyses, use reputable providers, include key points in Inductions (Company overview, statutory obligations, site risks and required controls, PPE, and common measures for safe work). For new-to-site equipment a first competent person process to maintain standards of understanding.

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules – multiple sections address the requirements for Vehicle Operators and cover the nominated scenarios and requirements for training.

OFI-004 Review and improve general operator training including spatial awareness

Currently workshop participants report that operator training does not provide consistent instruction and competency verification for operating in wet weather, spatial awareness at night, etc.

Many site vehicle interaction incidents confirm a lack of operator understanding about where the vehicles are placed relative to obstructions, other vehicles, and pedestrians. Improving operator situational awareness and competence in estimating distances can decrease the frequency of vehicle interaction incidents.

Review and identify improvements to training modules and training practises for mobile equipment operators. Use site incident experience to focus the review and consider the benefits of improving operator spatial and situational awareness, night driving, and wet weather operations etc.

OFI-070 Review Opportunities to consistently apply site traffic management standards and measure performance

Workshop attendees discussed variations in applying vehicle interaction controls and operating approaches between workgroups at Curragh North Mine. They noted that while the Coronado SOPs apply to all workgroups:

• Some SOPs that are not specific enough about performance requirements and how performance is measured. This allows variations in how standards are interpreted and applied in the same areas by different workgroups.
• There are different performance requirements by area e.g. between the Mine Industrial Area (MIA) and Mine Operational Area (MOA) for positive communications, road construction for gradient and ramp speed, heavy vehicle access, escorting requirements etc.

At an operational level this can result in different workplace layout standards between OCEs and conflicting directions confuse supervisors. A non-standard approach also inhibits the introduction of consistent performance measures and digital technology such as Collision Avoidance Systems.

Leverage the knowledge and capability of the contractor support companies to review Curragh SOPs. Consider developing

• Visual specification details and references
• Illustrate the performance standard required using examples
• Review and develop performance measures that support the consistent delivery of site standards across all workgroups.

Mobile equipment operator training is delivered to schedule. Where applicable training is supported by use of equipment simulators – to safely confirm competency in emergency and unwanted situations such as mechanical or electrical faults, fire, emergency stop, over-speed, sticky loads, etc.)

RIIVEH201-ASQ Operate Light Vehicle Assessment – typical module requiring demonstrating of trainer oversight, achieved and confirmation of understanding of theory.

OFI-020 Review driving at night training for LV operators

Workshop participants discussed driving at night training components for light vehicle operation in production areas.

They identified an inconsistent and incomplete understanding by LV drivers about changes to heavy vehicle sight lines and visibility during darkness.

Review and update site training and practical assessment for light vehicle operators so that it includes night driving on site.

Training status reports.

Skills matrix reviews and updates.

Routine audits of the training management system are commissioned and reviewed by senior personnel.

Assurance – Coronado Global Resources (Australia) Business Level Standard (BLS) CGRA BLS-018 V1.0 S1 Purpose The purpose of this Assurance Business Level Standard (BLS-018 Assurance Business Level Standard) is to describe the Assurance System processes to verify that Operations have effectively developed, implemented, and are maintaining responsible health and safety practices, including the effectiveness of their Safety and Health Management Systems (SHMS). S6 Training and Qualifications requires auditors to be appropriately qualified and understand training management systems. Appendix 1 requires audits of the TMS on a 3-year cycle.

OFI-097 Review Heavy Mobile Equipment Login Process

Workshop participants discussed the comprehensive training, competency and authorisation processes that apply for site mobile equipment operators from all contractor companies and workgroups. The discussion included the site process for logging in and operating heavy mobile equipment (HME). They had questions about two potential application gaps;

1. Is the site authorisation process linked to HME log-in permissions so that personnel with expired authorities cannot operate equipment?
2. Are personnel using a general training identity to log in and operate HME, and is this being monitored and aligned to expectations?

Review and confirm that the HME log-in process meets design expectations. Work with a cross sectional team to compare design with actual practice. Consider frequency of use for generic logins e.g. for training, and confirm if an expired authorisation status prevents log-in and HME operation. Explore how performance monitoring and reporting can be improved.

Mobile equipment sight lines and blind spot information, by vehicle type, is documented and communicated to vehicle operators.

Training modules include specific information on operator vision limits and sight lines for the vehicles in use. The information is provided in a format that is audience appropriate and available as a reference in the work area.

Training Management System – No specific blind spot awareness packages are available.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Should there be a blindspot awareness package prepared for all workers?

Training and assessment for people who operate mobile equipment covers sight lines and blind spots. Mobile equipment operators are aware of vehicle sight lines and blind spots by vehicle type and this information is regularly reinforced.

OFI-018 Review and improve mobile equipment blind spot and sight line training and awareness

Workshop participants discussed and confirmed that the understanding and knowledge that operators and the people who work around mobile equipment have of blind spots and sight lines is uneven. This may be leading to inadvertent breaches of site protocols and assumptions about short-cuts e.g. parking maintenance vehicles within 50 m.

Consider developing or updating information on blind spots and sight lines covering all of the equipment in use at site.

Provide the information in a visual format that is audience appropriate and can be used as a reference in the work area with a copy in the vehicle. Explore digital options for sharing information. Once developed, review training, rules reinforcing, and awareness processes including how understanding is confirmed. Increase in-field monitoring that standards are being maintained. Also, when Collison Avoidance System Technology is being considered by site, explore if digital monitoring of equipment parking distances can be included in the process.

OFI-020 Review driving at night training for LV operators

Workshop participants discussed driving at night training components for light vehicle operation in production areas.

They identified an inconsistent and incomplete understanding by LV drivers about changes to heavy vehicle sight lines and visibility during darkness.

Review and update site training and practical assessment for light vehicle operators so that it includes night driving on site.

Confirmation that work area references are available.

Records of topics covered at inductions, training, pre-shift meetings, near miss reviews etc.

Interaction monitoring with by-exception reporting from vehicle cameras and collision avoidance technology.

Required emergency checks before operation are documented and communicated to vehicle operators.

Vehicle operator emergency check training by vehicle type covers:

• Cabin integrity
• Cabin housekeeping (restraining/removing loose objects)
• Use of seatbelts, restraints and interlocks 
• Rescue and escape devices e.g. installation of oxygen generating self-rescuers in dozers that operate on stockpiles where there is a risk of falling into a void
• Emergency escape
• Auto shutdown
• Reversing alarms
• Other relevant information about protective systems 

The information is provided in a format that is audience appropriate and available as a reference in the work area.

Multiple Training Modules – References made to specific emergency preparedness checks on vehicles. Most learning guides include photographs of the guages, locations, and functions to check (and how to use them).

Training and assessment of vehicle operators confirms that they understand the required emergency related prestart check requirements for the vehicle that they are operating.

Prestart inspection forms capture that emergency checks are completed.

Training system records confirm that vehicle operators are trained and competent in carrying out required prestart checks.

Supervisors and maintainers review the quality of prestart records.

Maintenance reports confirm that faults detected at prestart checks are being corrected.

Tyre hazards and their controls are documented and communicated to all personnel, based on their role.

Awareness and training information provides information on tyre hazards and their controls covering:

Mobile Equipment Operations

• Reinforcing equipment operations that extend tyre life
• Tyre maintenance area access
• Tyre and wheel assembly pre use inspections and defect reporting 
• Emergencies, including: Managing electrical storms; High voltage – emergency response; Equipment fires; Quarantine park up areas; Tyre pad access; Tyre pre use inspections and defect reporting 

Awareness and training material is illustrated with information about actual incidents and is based on organisational role.

AURHTJ103LM Remove, Inspect and Refit Heavy Vehicle Wheel and Tyre Assessmblies, Learning Material V1.0 13/11/2023 – General Responsibilities of an Operator at Pg 9 covers key points to check around tyre condition.

Tyre hazard and control material is prepared for a range of organisational roles.

There is training and assessment for mobile equipment operators on tyre management including emergency response.

General tyre hazardous awareness information is part of site and operating area inductions.

Awareness material on tyre hazards and their controls is documented and used for pre-shift and safety meetings etc.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Is sufficient information provided for vehicle operators and others around medium and heavy vehicle tyre hazards?

OFI-012 Review Tyre Hazard Training and Awareness by Role

Workshop participants discussed and confirmed that while general site and company tyre awareness training is undertaken, the information provided is sorted by site role.

This means that some of the training and awareness information provided is not relevant for particular roles. It also means that important information by role is being diluted. This includes during general operations and in emergency situations.

Review tyre hazard awareness training and provide information that is role relevant. For example

• All personnel – provide hazard information as part of site and operating area inductions covering tyre bay access restrictions and general emergency response
• Mobile Equipment Operators – prestart inspections, equipment operation, specific emergency response for fires, lightning strikes, tyre faults, vehicle access to tyre maintenance areas etc.

OFI-013 Review and Update Tyre Handling Performance Requirements

Workshop participants discussed site tyre and rim service and maintenance processes. They raised issues about how jacking points for removing wheel assemblies are defined in procedures noting an inconsistency between what is documented and actual practice in the tyre bay.

Tyre and rim management is specialist mine site function that manages significant hazards. Generally tyre fitters are supervised by maintenance personnel without specialist knowledge. If the documented requirements do not align with actual practice then performance monitoring is ineffective.

Review site tyre and rim management documentation and practices. Benchmark against Industry Good practice e.g. RM Tyre and Rim Management CFw and EMESRT animations. Align work as documented with work as done and establish performance measures.

Vehicle operator training and assessment confirms that tyre hazard management and controls are well understood and applied for general operations and in emergencies.

Induction and awareness records confirm that all personnel are aware of tyre hazards and their controls appropriate to their role.

Site clearance requirements are documented and communicated in a style that is appropriate for the audience.

Training modules for vehicle operators and personnel who routinely work around mobile equipment includes specific information on required separation distances and clearances:

• For each phase of the operational work cycle
• During maintenance and service activities.

Specific information examples usually include using road delineators to calibrate following distances, and site practices for positioning near dig units, dumping, interactions with dozers, dumping into hoppers, road works, parking, when to use spotters (operating in restricted spaces), etc.

The information is provided in a format that is audience appropriate and available as a reference in the work area.

PLN-005 PHMP – Mobile Equipment Incidents S4.5 Safe Operations of Vehicles and when in Vicinity of Vehicles – requirement for spotters when reversing in congested areas.

OFI-004 Review and improve general operator training including spatial awareness

Currently workshop participants report that operator training does not provide consistent instruction and competency verification for operating in wet weather, spatial awareness at night, etc.

Many site vehicle interaction incidents confirm a lack of operator understanding about where the vehicles are placed relative to obstructions, other vehicles, and pedestrians. Improving operator situational awareness and competence in estimating distances can decrease the frequency of vehicle interaction incidents.

Review and identify improvements to training modules and training practises for mobile equipment operators. Use site incident experience to focus the review and consider the benefits of improving operator spatial and situational awareness, night driving, and wet weather operations etc.

Training and assessment confirms that vehicle operators understand site clearance and separation distance requirements for all operational scenarios and conditions.

Training and assessment confirms that personnel who work around mobile equipment understand all relevant site clearance and separation distance requirements.

RIIMPO337-LM Learning Materials – conduct Articulated Haul Truck Operations Positioning (pg36) 50m Rule – A separation distance of 50 metres shall be maintained between all vehicles when travelling on roads used by surface mining equipment (SME). When following SME, position the vehicle in the field of view of the SME operator’s mirrors.

OFI-009 Improve hopper demarcation, visual aids, and lighting, then update training modules

Workshop participants discussed the loading of material into hoppers and identified opportunities to install in-field visual aids around the hoppers and improve training.

The current lack of visual aids, lighting and warning signs at hopper combined with inconsistent levels of training create vehicle interaction hazards and cause production losses e.g. hoppers become choked stopping feed caused by over filling due to dump truck and loader operators not seeing the red light.

Review hopper management and consider enhancements that enhance vehicle interaction controls and production. Update operator training.

Vehicle operator training and assessment records.

Confirmation that work area references are available.

Vehicle operation monitoring and reporting using proximity detection technology.

By exception incident reviews.

Note – proximity detection not available at CNOC.

Site requirements for parking in any situation are documented and communicated in a style that is appropriate for the audience.

Training modules for vehicle operators include site specific parking requirements for all scenarios covering:

• Confirming that a parked vehicle is always fundamentally stable e.g. through the use of wheel chocks, ditches, trenches or wheels turned towards the wall
• Entering and leaving defined parking locations
• Parking to minimise interactions with other vehicles
• Servicing, maintenance, and breakdown situations in operating areas
• Parking in mobile equipment emergencies e.g. fires or potential fire situations

The information is provided in a format that is audience appropriate and available as a reference in the work area.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Training modules and the PHMP all refer to a fundamentally stable state position for parking – but there are no specific requirements for this to be achieved (some mention of drains and humps – but not much more that this). Is there a requirement for more specific information and examples to be included in training resources for site?

Training and assessment confirms that vehicle operators understand:

• How to park mobile equipment so that it is fundamentally stable
• Minimum site requirements for parking for in all scenarios and conditions.

RIIMPO-338-ASQ Conduct Rigid Haul Truck Operations Assessment – Q52 confirming understanding of which brakes to be applied when parking. Practical Module 5 (Q13) confirm safe and level area or designated parking area and park appropriately.

RIIMPO304-LM Conduct Wheel Loader Operations V2.0 12/4/2023 – Park up Procedure covers key point to achieve a fundamentally stable park (including test for unit rolling). Parking guidance also includes requirements for parking in the event of a breakdown.

OFI-056 Review Site Parking Standards and their application

Workshop participants confirmed inconsistencies in the application of site parking standards. For example spoon drains or parking humps are not consistently available for parking areas in work locations. They also noted that the standards for parking areas are not regularly audited for compliance and were unaware of a process to for confirm that newly built parking areas meet standards before being handed to operations. There was also discussion on restricted parking availability in some locations

Substandard parking area construction and limited availability can result in roll-aways and parking in the wrong location e.g. in heavy vehicle blind spots, in positions that compromise pedestrians etc.

Review site parking area design standards, update if required. Confirm that there is a process for handover that has a construction commissioning check that confirms ‘as built’ meets design requirements. Consider parking requirements and demands by working group, location, and vehicle type. Review performance monitoring processes to confirm that vehicle operators are meeting site standards.

OFI-058: Improve parking elements of training modules

The workshop participants confirmed that Curragh North training and awareness materials and assessment tools do not reinforce parking vehicles in a fundamentally stable state.

A lack of understanding of fundamentally stable parking requirements can lead to vehicle runaways from parked positions.

Update all learning materials that applies to wheeled equipment on site. Confirm that fundamentally stable parking is described and illustrated consistently.

OFI-053: Extend parking performance expectations to all vehicle categories.

Workshop participants discussed site standards, expectations, training, and reinforcement covering parking of mobile equipment. There are some good documented examples of expected standards e.g. for wheeled loaders.

The approach for communication parking expectations does not extend to all vehicle types, locations, and situations e.g. haul truck fire

Review existing good practice examples and extend to all vehicle categories and circumstances e.g. go line, parking areas, in pit, for emergency etc.

Vehicle operator training and assessment records.

Confirmation that work area references are available.

Workplace inspections of parking practices.

Vehicle operation monitoring and reporting using proximity detection technology.

By exception incident reviews.

SOP-049-FRM-04 Mining Area Shift Safety Inspection Checklist – Supervisor – 1.b (Go Line) Is the v-drain/hump for parking fundamentally stable maintained and adequate? 1.f (Go Line) – Equipment parked at least 5 metres apart 3. Waste Dump 3.c Bunds in place for LV parking and 5. Loading area 5.b checks for bunds in place for LV parking.

Information about site standards for hazard notification and demarcation, are documented and communicated in a style that is appropriate for the audience.

Information about the full range of hazard notification and demarcation approaches used at site is documented and provided to operators in training modules, awareness updates, and in reference resources. The information provided uses real scenarios and details expected responses. Examples of hazard notification and demarcation can include:

• Alerts, such as: Information Signs; Flashing lights; Block lights; Intersection signage; Use of high visibility markers and cones (surface)
• Physical warnings, such as: Chains; Guard rails; Delineation on roadway edges e.g. reflector posts; Draw point delineation
• Constructed devices, such as: Edge protection; Toe of slope delineation;  Tip and dump edge windrows; stop blocks at tip points or stope edges

Scenarios may include:

• Road hazards e.g. broken down equipment
• Changes in operating conditions
• Emergencies

The information is provided in a format that is audience appropriate and available as a reference in the work area.

CGRA BLS-007 Communication and Reporting V1.0 S4 Identified hazard reporting as a positive measure, S5 Internal communications requires hazards to be reported at start-of-shift meetings, S5.1 Consultation with Workers requires CMW to report hazards to supervisors and identify and assess hazards as part of their work.

Training and assessment for vehicle operators confirms that they understand general road network safety features, including:

• Site standards for different types of hazard notification and demarcation
• Where they are used, and
• How to report issues and defects

Multiple Learning Material documents – Include requirements for CMW Vehicle Operators to be alert to and respond to hazards – with reporting as required to manage the hazard(s).

• Vehicle operator training and assessment records.
• Confirmation that work area references are available.
• Workplace hazard reporting by vehicle operators.
• By exception incident reviews.

RIIMPO305F-A Conduct Coal Stockpile Dozer Operations Assessment (typical of CNOC training assessments for vehicles on site) Theory and Practical Demonstration of identifying hazards then communicating and reporting as required.

Sight line and blind spot information, by vehicle type, is documented and communicated to personnel who work around mobile equipment.

Training modules include specific information on operator vision limits and sight lines for the vehicles in use. The information is provided in a format that is audience appropriate and available as a reference in the work area.

SMS-021 Mine Training Scheme CNOC, V8.3 9/3/22 – Appendix 3 Light Vehicle Training … The candidate must spend at least one hour in a haul truck (to be captured in their training log) and demonstrate an understanding of HME visibility and blind spots.

OFI-023 Review style and effectiveness of training modules

Workshop participants discussed the style and effectiveness of training modules and support information. It was agreed that the most effective resources are short and graphically visual with diagrams and pictures. An example discussed was the style and content of current training and references for walkways around mobile equipment, and go lines can be improved with graphics.

While people learn in different ways, using a consistent visual format that is audience appropriate should be cornerstone of training modules and reference information.

Review style and format of training modules and reference information. Identify topics and information that can be improved with improved graphics. Consider digitisation and animation opportunities.

Training and assessment for people who work around mobile equipment covers limits on vision, from the equipment operator position.

Personnel who interact with mobile equipment are aware of vehicle sight lines and blind spots by type and this information is regularly reinforced.

Multiple Training Modules Including Rigid Haul Truck Practical Assessment …Is aware of blind spots/obstructions from the cabin…

OFI-020 Review driving at night training for LV operators.

Workshop participants discussed driving at night training components for light vehicle operation in production areas.

They identified an inconsistent and incomplete understanding by LV drivers about changes to heavy vehicle sight lines and visibility during darkness.

Review and update site training and practical assessment for light vehicle operators so that it includes night driving on site.

Confirmation that work area references are available. Records of topics covered at inductions, training, pre-shift meetings, near miss reviews etc.

Interaction monitoring with by-exception reporting from vehicle cameras and collision avoidance technology.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Blind spot understanding is not called up as an item to check for in CCV and Superivsor Audits. Should it be?

Induction processes for people using the road network are in place and applied at operating sites.

Induction training and underlying procedures and rules cover: 

• Site access including access to nominated areas, such as working face areas, stockpiles, reclaim areas, workshops and other high traffic locations
• Escorting requirements including vehicle communication protocols, permission to travel and general warning requirements
• Incident reporting and emergency response 
• Person Protective Clothing and Equipment (PPE) requirements 
• Seat belts and other in-vehicle restraints are worn when fitted
• Strict requirements to never modify safety equipment 
• Handheld mobile phones and other personal electronic devices (PEDs) are never used when operating mobile equipment (and guidance on the presence of detection devices on these items) 
• Handheld mobile phones are never used when working around mobile equipment 

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules V6.5 – Has sections covering all the noted points S4 Curragh Traffic Areas for access, S5.1 for Escort Operators, multiple sections note required response and reference to PLN-005 for incidents, S8 for rules around changes, Mobile Phones and Devices managed as per BLS-010 Security (at S8 only allows devices which will not cause a risk of interaction).

SOP-006 Personal Protective Equipment V7.6 – S3.1 Standard Requirements notes High Visibility and reflective tape requirements.

OFI-075 Review Site Induction Processes

Current site inductions are completed online. Workshop participants discussed how effective this process is to present information and confirm understanding both generally and specifically for understanding the application of vehicle interaction controls. They were concerned that successfully answering questions in a site induction does not demonstrate a practical understanding of how and when vehicle interaction controls apply and can lead to unwanted interactions at site e.g. pedestrians around the workshop.

Review site induction practises, consider including a face-to-face step to confirm understanding of vehicle interaction controls for visitors and new starters who will be working around mobile equipment.

OFI-078 Consider reducing the number of drivers with operating area authorisation

Workshop participants discussed light vehicle access permissions and confirmed that gaining authorisation to drive light vehicles in restricted operational areas is straightforward with limited oversight. Many site personnel have authorisation to drive light vehicles in operational areas.

For surface mining, the most significant fatality mechanism (pathway) is a collision between a heavy vehicle and a light vehicle. A reliable control is to reduce the number of vehicle interactions between light vehicles and heavy mobile equipment and the decision demands on drivers. The simplest control is to limit the number of light vehicles in operational areas. Other controls include stopping heavy vehicle movements when light vehicles are on operating circuits, or segregation including light vehicle only access roads.

Review and confirm the current number of drivers with light vehicle authorisations to drive in operational areas. Consider how many licences are required for operational efficiencies and assess the impact of reducing the number of authorisations to decrease the number of light vehicles in operating areas.

All personnel at and visitors to operating sites undertake inductions and these are recorded. Inductions clearly communicate minimum site standards. 

Curragh Site Familiarisation Doc Ref 1021 V2.10 12/6/2024 – Is an assessment tool for confirming that CMW are familiar with the CNOC area and site traffic flows. Also confirming checks (pg 3) for mobile plant and machinery interactions in HME/LV Workshop, Field Maintenance, Lube Bay, CN Workshop, CN Tyre Bay

OFI-074 Review Site Access Controls

Uncontrolled site access between North and South Curragh operations in the the Curragh complex may lead to unplanned and unwanted vehicle interactions. Workshop participants discussed differences between operator understanding of vehicle interaction protocols for different vehicle types on the main access road into Curragh North Operations.

They discussed how these differences might cause unwanted vehicle interactions e.g. between transport floats and light vehicles, and when transporting materials e.g. in situations when waste from the preparation plant has to be transported to the CNOC mine.

Review the understanding and application of vehicle interaction protocols for site access. Upgrade current access protocols if required.

Regular inspections and personal hazard awareness records are made – with non-conformance corrected or escalated as appropriate. Periodic reviews of site access logs confirm all personnel have required inductions

Task performance expectations are clearly communicated at task allocation and then reinforced over the shift.

Each shift there is a process to allocate tasks and reinforce task relevant mobile equipment interaction controls.

There is further communication during the shift as tasks or conditions change. Where appropriate, visual information (photographs, maps of roadways, etc.) are used.

SOP-049 Safety Inspections & Checking and Examining Work Areas V6.1 27/8/2021 – S4.2 OCE Inspection Reports requires all OCE reports to be included in the pre-shift meeting for the incoming crew.

OFI-061 Improve shift-to-shift handover processes on site.

Workshop participants confirmed variable standards between different groups for preparing and handing over information between shift supervisors There is no site standard template available in use and the quality and quantity of information is inconsistent even for items relevant to every production workgroup e.g. roadworks, in-pit maintenance, OCE reports etc.

Incorrect or incomplete information transferred between supervisors can lead to hazards in the operation not being recognised and controlled by incoming operators.

Confirm minimum standards for handovers. Consider developing a standard template for shift supervisor transfer notes. Review the use of digital technology options e.g. for consistent messages that can be pushed to all relevant workgroups before handovers and used to aggregate multiple handover logs.

Pre-shift meetings, and as required, communications are logged and monitored for quality and effectiveness.

Inspections and Interviews – Pre-shift meetings delivered by supervisors observed by RM included information specific instructions for work crews.

OFI-047 Review the effectiveness of site approaches for delivering toolbox talks.

Identify opportunities for improvement, including providing adequate question and answer opportunities.

Workshop participants discussed the effectiveness of site tool box talks. Sometimes delivery is reported as being a straight presentation with limited opportunity for questions and answers.

If the audience is unable to question the material presented then this can lead to two suboptimal outcomes:

• The audience may misunderstand key points from the information presented and then make incorrect decisions
• The presenters and line managed assumptions on understanding may be incorrect can lead to gaps in understanding of key information.

Review the effectiveness of site approaches for delivering toolbox talks. Identify opportunities for improvement, including providing adequate question and answer opportunities.

OFI-050 Review hazard and control communications with work crews

Workshop participants discussed the challenges of running effective prestart meetings that communicate operational and safety information and performance expectations that reinforce individual and workgroup norms. At Curragh North the prestart meeting provides the only daily opportunity to communicate to a workgroup and discuss relevant hazards and their controls. Shift prestart meetings have to be efficiently transactional and also cover production elements e.g. assigning equipment etc. The current prestart sequence means that there can be shift long delays for sharing new information from a meeting across other workgroups e.g. for road works, changes to intersections, broken down equipment. and other short-term changes.

Workshop participants also noted that there are always production drivers covering ‘time to the first load.” Workshop participants also noted the challenges of crew size, supervisor experience and effectiveness, employee turnover, and production pressures that have to be managed.

Review the effectiveness of preshift meetings, consider developing performance measures and improve support for supervisors. Consider augmenting shift prestart meetings with hazard and control information e.g. SOP reviews, incident case studies that can be used during stoppages e.g. during wet weather.

Records from pre-shift meetings and other relevant communications.

Communication logs with individuals.

SOP-049-FRM-01 Supervision Verification Audit Form – Superintendent – Oversight and checklist for confirming that supervisor conduct all required inspections, communication, and hand-overs.

OFI-010 Consider making camera feeds available to improve performance monitoring.

Supervisors and open cut examiners (OCE) spend many hours per shift in the field monitoring performance.

Currently OCEs and supervisors review performance by observing operating practices and inspecting the operating environment condition at close proximity and from available lookouts.

Review how area camera feeds can be used by OCE and supervisor to complement this process, particularly as a reliable way to monitor workgroup interaction performance. Consider also the opportunity to use Artificial Intelligent (AI) technology to detect and amplify performance drift based on camera feed analysis.

Pre-employment and periodic medicals confirm that personnel meet position requirements.

Personnel who operate mobile equipment have pre-commencement and periodic medicals to confirm that they can safely and productively carry their assigned tasks.

Medicals are carried out by appropriately trained personnel with oversight from a physician.

Medical assessments include all regulatory requirements.

CGRA BLS-011 Fitness for Work V1.0 – S4 Highlights conformance with the QLD Coal Mine Workers’ Health Scheme which requires Appointed Medical Advisers to physically examine and functionally review all staff and CMW on site.

For relevant positions, the site hiring and selection process includes a requirement for a medical assessment.

Medicals are completed before position offers are made.

A senior site manager has the accountability for the site process for organising and managing the results of employee periodic medicals.

Medical assessments meet all regulatory requirements.

OFI-026 Review and update site health and lifestyle training and support materials.

Workshop participants confirmed that additional self-management advice about balancing health, lifestyle, and work commitments can assist the Curragh North workforce. Providing practical information about approaches that assist individuals to make appropriate personal choices and can include diet, sleep and rest, commuting, alcohol and other drug choices, medication management, health support etc.

Mine shift rosters are challenging and a lack of rest and general lifestyle choices can lead to fatigue and impairment outcomes in the short-term and poor health and personal issues in the medium to long-term.

Review current site health and lifestyle training and support materials. Benchmark against good practice for remote mining operations, consider seeking expert input. As required update site processes emphasising processes for self-management to meet work requirements.

Reviews confirm the site process is being applied

Reviews confirm that the site process meets records management and privacy standards.

Multiple Employee Records – Include details of training conducted and successful completion of CMWHS examinations by an Approved Medical Adviser.

Equipment selected for site use is fit for purpose and delivers safe and productive outcomes.

Mobile equipment specifications are in place that include requirements for:

• Cabin integrity and operator restraint (seat belts, noise reduction, dust removal or mitigation)
• Auto shutdowns 
• Ergonomics of seats, control panels/devices (allowing for different size/weight workers and in place to reduce any whole body vibration effects)
• Communications and information devices are sourced and fitted to minimise distraction
• Warning devices e.g. status of safety systems (including seat belt fitment), tilt switches on remote controllers, proximity alarms, movement alarms, state displays (gear selected etc.)
• Protective devices for emergencies (fire, collision, etc.)
• Egress / escape by alternate exit in the event of an emergency e.g. through removable or non-laminated glass windows 
• Required ratings for Light Vehicles
• Confirming that statutory conformance requirements are met for Heavy Vehicles e.g. ROPS / FOPS and head/whiplash protection
• As required the installation of self-rescuers for vehicles that may be engulfed e.g. dozers that operate on stockpiles.
• Monitoring and alarm devices for safety systems (thermal, in-vehicle-monitoring-systems (IVMS) for conformance with site rules meeting prevailing conditions, speed alarms, and alerts on pressure of brakes, steering, tyres, etc.)

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering V1.0 S5.3.1 Safe Aceess Systems requiring walkways, railings, steps and an alternate means of exiting a vehicle or work area.  S5.4 Operator Controls and Restraints aiming for a minimum of 2 point (e.g. lap belt) or 3 point preferred (e.g. lap-sash).

Senior managers including representative of operations and maintenance approve equipment selection recommendations.

A rigorous introduction to site process checks that received mobile equipment meets site requirements before it is permitted to operate.

All equipment in use is approved and documented. The details of equipment being used are listed in asset registers.

OEM provided asset documentation is added to Plant Safety File.

Maintenance planners review: introduction to site records and add work orders to maintain site standards.

SOP-016-FRM-08 HME Pre-Start Inspection and SOP-016-FRM-07 LMHV Pre-Start Inspection Form Seat Belts and Seat checks and other key systems in the RED tag out or repair immediately section.  Access Ways and Handrails included for HME in RED section.

Equipment selected for site use is fit-for-purpose and delivers safe and productive outcomes – meeting all site requirements for worker ergonomics, control integrity, matched technology (to site), equipment performance and operating environment constraints. 

Sites have an equipment selection process that involves maintainers and operational personnel in a team review (Risk Assessment format) and uses asset specifications when:  

• Purchasing new or used equipment 
• Transferring equipment to site 
• Hiring equipment 
• Assessing contractor equipment 

Equipment specifications ensure that mobile equipment assets meet site production and operating environment demands (including provision of systems for monitoring location (including geofencing), communicating and visibility/sight lines). The specifications also cover the use of ancillary equipment such as forklifts, scissor lifts, elevating work platforms etc. and considers suitability for the operating environment (stability, use of quick detach systems, character of the material being transported, temperature ranges, etc.) 

Equipment specifications include allowance for all safety related functions such as energy constraint (guarding), removal of energy (isolation), and protection against unwanted operation.

Information on equipment use limitations from the OEM should be provided to the operators/maintainers with training modules that also check for understanding. 

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering V1.0 – S4 Asset Management Systems includes requirements around selection with a need to identify potential risks, required controls, identification of safety critical systems, and generation of maintenance strategies.

Senior managers including representatives of operations and maintenance approve equipment selection recommendations.

A rigorous introduction to site process checks that received mobile equipment meets site requirements before it is permitted to operate. This includes ensuring that site requirements are met for:

• Safety related systems including: Brakes; Steering; Control and warning and alarm systems that meet requirements (including technology solutions); Warning devices are in place to detect fatigue, use of mobile phones or personal electronic devices, and other site required systems; Radios or communication systems matching site requirements; Integrity of lifting and load moving components
• Visibility and demarcation: Head lights; Running lights; Indicators; Vehicle identification numbers that are clear and visible 
• General operability: Running gear e.g. tyres; Remote control technologies with associated fail safes to prevent unintended operation; Noise and fume generation matched to site requirements; Other components meeting site requirements for surfaces (cleanliness, coatings, external FRAS), strength, and confirming it is matched to site engineering and maintenance capabilities
• Maintenance information and work orders are confirmed to be in place for the incoming items of equipment as required with information included in site information management systems (plant safety files).

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering V1.0 – S9 Introduction to Site Operations SHMS are to include procedures and tools to ensure that plant, equipment, and structures procured, installed, and commissioned are authorised or otherwise approved to commence operations. Plant, equipment, and structures must be inspected and approved by a competent person who must record the inspection and findings on appropriately constructed checklists. A copy of the approval for the plant, equipment or structure must be maintained in the Asset Management System against the relevant Asset Number (see section 13. Documentation).

OFI-008 Review site standards and processes for mobile equipment selection and introduction to site

Workshop participants discussed the application of site standards for onboarding mobile equipment. They identified some inconsistencies in applying standards for lights and vehicle markings and confirmed how this can result in additional operating hazards e.g. vehicle misidentification during positive communication.

Review site processes and standards applied for mobile equipment selection and site use approval across contractor and company workgroups. Confirm that site standards are adequate and the processes for their application are effective. Review how performance is monitored. Include lights and vehicle markings in the review. Update site personnel on the review outcomes and expected standards.

OFI-025 Review site equipment selection and onboarding processes.

Workshop participants discussed situations where stakeholders e.g. operators and maintainers have not had input into the site equipment selection process.

A lack of input from knowledgeable and experienced stakeholders in selecting and onboarding new equipment can result in potential operational, servicing, and maintenance issues being missed or under-examined. It also delays constructive consultation, and explanations of the reasons behind selection e.g. cost and performance drivers, company agreements with particular OEMs, contractor deploying spare equipment etc. and planning to manage potential issues e.g. workshop access for larger equipment, spares inventories, service agreements etc.

Review processes for equipment selection and onboarding, confirm that there is a step requiring consultation with site stakeholders. Confirm measures and monitor performance.

Maintenance strategies confirm the status of all mobile equipment and associated infrastructure systems.

Safety related components/checks are addressed with additional rigour (e.g. proof test requirements) with status reports available to senior personnel.

Equipment specifications are regularly reviewed, and if required after significant incidents.

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering V1.0 – S11 Maintenance indicates requirements for appropriately qualified personnel to conduct inspections, make repairs, and arrange for supplies of components and consumables.

If required, mobile equipment is reliably speed limited.

Where site speed limit governing of mobile equipment is required, specifications are set considering:

• Equipment type
• Equipment application e.g. a tractor unit used in an underground man hauler may have a higher speed that a tractor unit configured as a forklift
• Location (operating environment)

Tamper proof and tamper evident requirements

PLN-005 CNOC PHMP Mobile Equipment Incidents – speed limits mentioned in multiple locations but no reference to engineered limiting of speed

Interviews – Indications were speed is constrained by gear selection and reinforced in training modules.

OFI-071 Review site speed control improvement and enhancement options.

Workshop participants identified that site speed constraints are currently determined by gear selection and this is reinforced in training modules. Speed limiting as an engineering control is not used at site, but there are in vehicle monitoring systems in place and used by contractor Mining Pro.

However, this control implementation is dependent on the decisions made of equipment operators.

Review options for monitoring and reinforcing site speed controls using technology e.g. Geo fencing with required speed advice, wide use of in vehicle monitoring with automatic analysis and by exception reports etc.

Speed limiting of mobile equipment that meets site requirements is confirmed at each step of the:

• Site specify, purchase, delivery, acceptance, commissioning, and the introduction to site checks
• In mobile equipment safety files
• During maintenance and servicing

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Is there merit in extending the application of speed limited equipment to site?

Site speed limiting specifications are in place and applied and captured in mobile equipment safety files.

Equipment prestart checks and defect reports

By exception – speed limiter compromises detected during periodic maintenance are reported and investigated

Safety and operational systems on mobile equipment are maintained to a schedule and repaired when they breakdown.

Mobile equipment with compromised safety and operational systems does not operate.

Maintenance strategies in place for all mobile and related plant based on OEM requirements for inspections, replacement and lubrication of components. Work on safety systems includes proof testing where appropriate e.g. after maintenance on brakes and steering systems, for exhaust gas levels, emergency stop functions, etc.

Faults detected at prestart checks and during operations are classified and prioritised for maintenance as a defect management process. Fault types where equipment should not be used and the process to follow in this situation are well defined. 

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering V1.0 undated – S11 Maintenance references skills required for maintainers and relevant safety (and operational) components which require inclusion in site maintenance strategies. S12 Forklifts, Telehandlers and Tyre Handlers call up additional requirements that should be in place for these high energy related machines.

Maintenance planners issue work orders for mobile plant in line with confirmed strategies, containing checklists, instruction, procedures, and guidance for records to be prepared and submitted on completion of the work order.

Maintenance workers conduct work order tasks in line with site requirements (which may extend beyond OEM procedures).

Completed work order records are returned to the maintenance planners for permanent storage.

Senior engineering and operational personnel review records to confirm maintenance strategy meets site requirements.

Interviews and Inspections – Engineering crews work through maintenance plans on equipment and coordinate with stores to access work packs with appropriate components for replacement.

OFI-015 Review access to Blackrock and other relevant Content Management Systems.

Workshop participants discussed situation where contractor site operators and maintainers who do not have a company email cannot gain Blackrock access.

Without direct access, personnel either do not access the information or asked their respective health and safety function to provide print outs. Either outcome which ignores the latest information or delays access to it is sub-optimal.

Review site strategy for proving access to Blackrock and other relevant systems so that:

• Personnel have access to required information
• There is no delay in accessing information

OFI-017 Review and improve communications between maintenance and production

Workshop participants discussed communications between maintenance and production e.g. on equipment availability. They confirmed that there is an inconsistent standard that depends on the companies and importantly on the different supervisors involved.

Well maintained mobile equipment that is fit for use delivers consistent safety and productivity outcomes for mining organisations.

Identify current good practice examples for communication between production and maintenance personnel, confirm which processes are effective, the standards and performance expected from stakeholders – supervisors, superintendents, and managers. Monitor performance.

OFI-034 Confirm that maintainers and technicians have access to OEM and Third-Party Technology Manuals

Workshop participants questioned if technicians and maintainers at site have access to original equipment manufacturer and third-party technology manuals and other reference information.

They also discussed how a lack of access to information can lead to poor maintenance outcomes.

Confirm that maintainers and technicians have ready access to and a re using OEM and Third-Party Technology Manuals and other relevant information in their work.

Equipment availability metrics.

Reports on maintenance work order close out are prepared by maintenance planners for review by senior personnel

Metrics on the status of safety related work orders.

Reviews and investigations after significant maintenance failures.

BLS-004 FH03-CCV-02-FH03 Mobile Equipment – Vehicle Safety & Operations – CCV checks on vehicles to confirm status of maintenance records and vehicle condition.

Interviews and Inspections – Completed work orders, flagged where additional faults (non-critical) were identified are returned to maintenance planners for inclusion in subsequent maintenance tasks on the machinery. Reports are prepared on the status of maintenance work orders for review by more senior site personnel.

OFI-016 Review the value-add of a QA step after mobile equipment maintenance.

Workshop participants discussed the benefits of having a quality assurance (QA) sign-off step following maintenance, as part of equipment handover to operations. They confirmed range of site practices even across the same contractor. The primary approach reported is that the hand over pivots on the judgement and sign-off of the fitter who undertook the maintenance. It was also noted that not all OEM references and manuals are referenced in procedures and work instructions.

Consider the value-add of a consistent and measurable maintenance QA step before equipment is handed back to operations. Confirm that OEM references and manuals are available for maintainers on site.

OFI-094 Review Maintenance Performance Monitoring Processes

There is limited monitoring and feedback to operators around the conduct of maintenance activities on site. Information on what has been completed effectively and what is a known issue rescheduled to a later maintenance service is not available.

Lack of knowledge of the status of maintenance can lead to frustrations in conducting pre-starts and ultimately to unwanted vehicle failings during operations.

Review maintenance performance management processes and consider how feedback to operators can be improved.

Skilled and experienced personnel consider equipment design and site requirements when setting operating parameters for mobile equipment in use.

Accountable personnel setting mobile equipment operating parameters consider:

Operating conditions: Type of surface; Condition of surface; Road gradient; Road camber or profile; Turn radii; Quarry or underground; Type and condition of dumping and loading areas; Climate and season (and associated road watering and maintenance requirements); Operator constraints and requirements

Routine operations: Average and maximum speeds; Maximum wheel load; Average load; TKPH; Weight distribution – load stability and security; Cycle length – empty and laden; Shift duration; Number of cycles per shift; Mix and numbers of vehicles to deploy (as for short-term planning)

Periodic duty: Towing capacity; Loading and tipping non routine loads – clay, water-logging, reactive etc.

SOP-016 Checking Mobile Plant,  SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules, and other documents – Generally provide guidance on equipment operating parameters but the role accountable for setting these is not stated.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Should there be a formally nominated role for setting equipment operating parameters?

The accountability for setting and reviewing site mobile equipment operating parameters is assigned to organisational roles with the appropriate knowledge, capability, and experience of site operational requirements.

Confirm that the accountability for setting operating parameters for mobile equipment in use has been assigned.

Review mobile equipment reliability and production outcomes.

Confirm that equipment is operating withing site operating parameters e.g. haul distances, speed etc.

Sensor and alarm faults for equipment components, systems, and installed safety devices are detected with local notification, data capture and fault information send.

There are specifications for fault reporting from sensors, alarms, and safety devices installed on mobile equipment.

The specifications include requirements for local notification, data capture and fault information send.

The specifications confirm fault priority and category and required action.

When monitoring systems for equipment components alarm or safety devices are compromised, this data is captured and is sent for analysis and review.

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering – Only reversing and brake alarms are mentioned – with no requirements noted around fail-safe specifications (apart from for E-stops and warning devices).

When monitoring systems for equipment components alarm or safety devices are compromised there is local notification and relevant fault data is captured, transmitted off vehicle.

The data is transmitted, aggregated and sorted so that it is available to:

• Provide instructions back to the operator
• Monitor performance
• Prepare reports
• Undertake diagnostics and analysis

Accurate, timely, and tailored reports on fault reporting from sensors, alarms, and safety devices installed on mobile equipment are provided to supervisors, maintenance personnel, training, management, suppliers, contract service providers and others as required.

Interviews and Inspections – Alarms and sensors included in maintenance work-orders and these are completed and tracked on site.

Mobile equipment in use always meets category standards for lights and markings.

Each category of mobile equipment has an approved standard for lights and markings.

There are comprehensive site processes in place to apply and maintain this mobile equipment standard including:

• Selection
• Site use approval
• Inspection
• Cleaning and washing
• Defect reporting
• Equipment stand down
• Repairs
• Planned maintenance including the replacement of components based on OEM schedule, recommendations, and site duty requirements.

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering V1.0 undated – S11 Maintenance references skills required for maintainers and relevant safety (and operational) components which require inclusion in site maintenance strategies – standards for lighting and signage required to be achieved.

Inspection, defect reporting, repair and maintenance processes that consider lights and marking for mobile equipment are consistently applied.

Prestart checks include:

• Confirming functioning lights and indicators
• Visible decals
• Whip flags (e.g. for surface mining light vehicles)
• Flashing lights (colour as specified)

Inspections and Interviews – Work packs and work-orders included lights, warning lights, horns etc., and equipment decals (markings).

OFI-036 Review how mobile equipment performance is reported and monitored at a site level.

Multiple contractor groups provide support to Curragh North Open Cut Mine. There is a mix of how the equipment used by each contractor group is operated and maintained. This includes the use of different maintenance processes and support systems covering prestart checks and defect reporting, inspections, servicing, reactive and planned maintenance.

The mine owner and operator (SSSE) of Curragh North Open Cut mine has overarching company and legislative obligations to maintain and operate mobile equipment that is fit for for use. This approach requires performance measures that identify and correct systems issues before incidents occur. Given the multiple systems and workgroups involved in mobile equipment maintenance at site, setting and applying performance measures is neither straight forward nor simple.

Review and confirm the minimum performance measures required at a mine operator level to meet company and legislative expectations and how they will be reported and monitored. Work with maintenance specialists from all contractor groups and identify the information required to report site performance. Consider how the required information can be harvested from their current maintenance systems or other sources. With a focus on safe and productive operations, consider performance measures that confirm the application of key maintenance processes from inspections, prestart checks and defect reporting and resolution, planned vs breakdown maintenance etc.

1. The current and approved standard for each category of mobile equipment details requirements for lights and markings.
2. Monitoring that prestart checks are being undertaken to required standard.
3. Equipment availability metrics include defect stand down information.
4. Reports on maintenance work order close out are prepared by maintenance planners for review by senior personnel.

Multiple pre-start documents – Includes checks in the RED (do not use until repaired) area for lights and markings on equipment.

Mobile equipment maintenance tools, speedometers and other indicators are accurate.

Key maintenance tools and measuring components on equipment are regularly calibrated, including:

1. Speed measurement devices include speedometers
2. Operator information panels
3. OEM and third-party monitoring technology
4. Torsion wrenches and pressure monitoring devices

Inspection, calibration and maintenance is scheduled in line with OEM or third-party provided nominated maintenance strategies.

CGRA BLS-014 Engineering V1.0 undated – S11.4 Brake Testing and S11.8 specifically require maintenance and calibration of tooling with 3rd party confirmation of conformance.

Work orders are raised and issued to achieve inspection and calibration of maintenance tools and speed measurement devices follows OEM or third-party provider schedule, recommendations.

Inspections and Interviews – key tools were noted to be in calibration with Work Orders in place to prompt for re-calibration in line with standards.

1. Current inspection, calibration, maintenance, and software version records for each mobile equipment unit.
2. Maintenance status reports.

Inspections and Interviews – documentation on calibration included in site information management system as part of the safety files for equipment on site.

Operating sites deploy fit for purpose, effective, and reliable radios and other communication equipment.

There is a site performance standard for site radios and other communication equipment

There are comprehensive site processes that define:

• Required communication equipment by equipment category
• Required communication equipment for personnel who work around mobile equipment e.g. handheld devices
• Assigned radio channels
• Acceptable practices when communication equipment is faulty, out of range, or unavailable
• Expected maintenance performance metrics

BLS-014 Engineering S5 Design requirements to include provision for permanently mounted two-way radios.

Interviews and Inspections – functioning radios a clear requirement for all deployed plant on site.

OFI-001 Review radio handset positioning in cabs and the training around channel changes.

Workshop participants discussed how the positioning of radio hand sets in the cab and consistent practices for changing channels e.g. by button position can avoid the need to look away from the road when changing channels.

Some operators have difficulty accessing the radio, changing the channel (particularly when there are many channels to choose from) and so are taking their eyes off the road when they reach out for the handpiece or change radio channels.

Some operators have difficulty accessing the radio, changing the channel (particularly when there are many channels to choose from) and so are taking their eyes off the road when they reach out for the handpiece or change radio channels.

Prestart checks, defect reporting, radio channel allocation, signal coverage, repair, maintenance, and other processes relevant to communications equipment are consistently applied.

Interviews and Inspections – Workshop work orders included confirming functionality of communication systems.

Maintenance planners close out work orders when completed and prepare regular status and performance reports for communications equipment.

Work orders for equipment repair are completed in a timely manner.

Multiple pre-start documents – Includes checks in the RED (do not use until repaired) area for radios and communication systems on equipment.

Equipment operators carry our prestart checks to confirm equipment can be operated and work area hazards are identified and managed. Equipment that is compromised does not operate and work environment issues are addressed before commencing work.

Equipment operators are competent and supported to carry equipment and work area prestart checks.

Mobile equipment prestart checks include:

• Brakes including warning systems
• Steering including warning systems 
• Tyres and other running gear
• Conditions of vehicle – load carrying elements, guards and covers, lights and signage, hydraulic lines, and ground engaging tools
• Access and egress (normal and emergency) in good condition and accessible
• Communications (radios etc.)
• Fire extinguishers and fire suppression system status,
• Any attachments, e.g. buckets, jacks, lifting equipment, spare wheels etc.

Faults detected at prestart checks and during operations are classified:

• When equipment cannot continue to operate and how to manage repair or removal from work area
• When equipment can continue to be operated (and communication of tolerable faults)

Work area checks include identifying and managing hazards from: Vehicle moving off; Obstacles; Road conditions; Road stability (presence of cracking or signs of slumping of, or onto roadway); Weather (rain, wind (dust), other threats), and; Vision and sight line restrictions

Multiple Pre-Start Documents – Include checks in the RED area for safety and operational components

Multiple Training (Learning Material) Modules – Pre-start checks outlined in the Learning Materials and cover key pass or fail criteria.

Equipment operators are trained, competent and authorised to carry equipment and work area prestart checks before operating equipment.

Prestart checklists are prepared for each type of equipment.

Prestart equipment and work area checks are logged.

There is a site defect reporting and management system.

Multiple Assessment Tools – Assessment tools which accompany the training modules include a formal requirement to check both theory understanding as well as demonstrated practical skills for conducting pre-start checks.

OFI-014 Review mobile equipment prestart processes as applied by different workgroups.

Workshop participants discussed and confirmed that while there is an overarching site requirement, operator mobile equipment prestart checks vary across different workgroups.

They also note production pressure (real or perceived) to have equipment working early in each shift e.g. first load by 0630. From time-to-time this results in situations where mobile equipment has left the go line before defects are detected e.g. faulty radios etc. Workshop participants discussed a need for a consistent site equipment prestart equipment performance standard before installing additional technology such as operator alert or collision alerting systems. Standardisation is also required before digitising prestart check processes.

Review application of existing vehicle prestart processes, consider how to best balance production drivers, equipment health checks, defect reporting, and operator safety. Develop a roadmap to consistent site performance and the operational integration of digital technologies.

Supervisors monitor the quality of operator prestart checks.

Maintenance planners review prestart forms and raise work orders as required.

Prestart records confirm that checks of work areas and key systems, including – communications, brakes, steering, tyres and running gear are completed.

Interviews – Identified faults are reported through to the supervisor, maintenance planners and others to action any required repairs.

OFI-040 Review and update monitoring of mobile equipment prestart quality.

Workshop participants confirmed that there is an inconsistency in how mobile equipment prestart checks are monitored for quality and quantity. Some reasons discussed included operator training and competence, first load production pressures, nil consequences for sub-standard checks.

Inconsistent and poorly executed pre-start checks can lead to mobile equipment operating with defects have not been identified or where hazards are not managed using the site fault classification process. Also without quality and quantity data, reviews and improvements to overall process design cannot be made.

Review how performance monitoring of operator mobile equipment prestart checks can be improved. Establish system monitoring for daily outputs with quality and quantity outputs. Once reliable data is available review the application and design of the prestart processes covering training, application of defect classifications, defect response and repair times etc.

Prestart checks confirm that mobile equipment alarms, monitors and information panels are working.

Mobile equipment operators conduct prestart checks, or monitor equipment self-checks, to confirm alarms, monitors, and information panels are working.

There is a well-defined site defect management process to manage faults before and during operations. It includes what actions to take based on fault type.

Multiple Pre-Start Documents – Include checks in the RED area for safety and operational components

Multiple Training (Learning Material) Modules – Pre-start checks outlined in the Learning Materials and cover key pass or fail criteria.

Mobile equipment operators are trained and competent in conducting and monitoring equipment prestart checks. This training includes:

• Alarm checks
• Alarm response
• Monitor and information panel check
• Monitoring status and responding to monitor and information panel checks
• Managing faults and defects during operations

Multiple Assessment Tools – Assessment tools which accompany the training modules include a formal requirement to check both theory understanding as well as demonstrated practical skills for conducting pre-start checks.

OFI-014 Review mobile equipment prestart processes as applied by different workgroups.

Workshop participants discussed and confirmed that while there is an overarching site requirement, operator mobile equipment prestart checks vary across different workgroups.

They also note production pressure (real or perceived) to have equipment working early in each shift e.g. first load by 0630. From time-to-time this results in situations where mobile equipment has left the go line before defects are detected e.g. faulty radios etc. Workshop participants discussed a need for a consistent site equipment prestart equipment performance standard before installing additional technology such as operator alert or collision alerting systems. Standardisation is also required before digitising prestart check processes.

Review application of existing vehicle prestart processes, consider how to best balance production drivers, equipment health checks, defect reporting, and operator safety. Develop a roadmap to consistent site performance and the operational integration of digital technologies.

1. Training record review confirm the currency of vehicle operator skills including alarm and other indicator prestart checks and meanings and expected response.
2. Prestart records confirm that checks are completed.
3. Supervisors monitor and coach on the quality of operator prestart checks.
4. Maintenance planners review prestart forms and raise work orders as required.
5. As required investigations of alarm, monitor, and information panel faults.

Interviews – Identified faults are reported through to the supervisor, maintenance planners and others to action any required repairs.

OFI-040 Review and update monitoring of mobile equipment prestart quality.

Workshop participants confirmed that there is an inconsistency in how mobile equipment prestart checks are monitored for quality and quantity. Some reasons discussed included operator training and competence, first load production pressures, nil consequences for sub-standard checks.

Inconsistent and poorly executed pre-start checks can lead to mobile equipment operating with defects have not been identified or where hazards are not managed using the site fault classification process. Also without quality and quantity data, reviews and improvements to overall process design cannot be made.

Review how performance monitoring of operator mobile equipment prestart checks can be improved. Establish system monitoring for daily outputs with quality and quantity outputs. Once reliable data is available review the application and design of the prestart processes covering training, application of defect classifications, defect response and repair times etc.

There are minimum standards for the installation, inspection and maintenance of lighting, delineation, and signs that assist vehicle operators maintain situational awareness.

Designs and construction requirements include standards for lighting of high traffic areas (e.g. around the mine infrastructure areas, vehicle (including remotely controlled) operating areas, dump edges, intersections, etc.) and signs to alert vehicle operators of road network requirements.  Permanent signs are erected to provide warnings around fixed infrastructure and temporary signs or warning devices (traffic cones, barrier tape, etc.) are used around temporary work areas or road network hazards not yet repaired.

PLN-005 PHMP – Mobile Equipment Incidents – S4.2 References the Critical Control: Management of Interactions – Traffic signage and delineators are correctly installed and maintained.

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules – Generally covers requirements for vehicle mounted lights.

SOP-017-APP-01 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules – Signage V6.0 21/11/22 – provides guidance on delineation and signage with extensive information on the types of signs and cones used on site (as for other documents area lighting is not described).

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Is there a requirement for more clarity around area lighting for operating crews?

Survey marks out the requirements for road network infrastructure to meet site requirements.

Road construction crews place and maintain permanent and temporary lighting, communication and information signage around the road network.

Work crews place demarcation and warning signage around their work areas and nominated access routes.

‘As built’ is checked off against design by operations.

CPS PLN 5.0 Survey Manual – S3.0 Field Responsibilities indicates pick-up by Survey on at least a weekly basis for all coal seams, highwalls, etc. General surveys are conducted by exception. At S3.6 Reference made to loading designs from Trimble into equipment.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – The Survey Manual is dated 2015 and appears to not include the extensive use of drones and supporting technology observed in September 2024 – should it be updated?

OFI-044 Review and Improve site lighting delineation and signage standards.

Workshop participants discussed a lack of clarity on speed signs and their placement. They also discussed general signage e.g. circuit boards together with an absence of as built plans for roads detailing signs, limited checking, and failing to perform detailed workplace inspections is contributing to poor sign discipline at site.

Signage and other warnings when not present or incorrect can contribute to unwanted vehicle interactions.

Review and improve processes for meeting, maintaining, and monitoring site standards for lighting, delineation and signage.

Survey records.

As built plans with sign-off.

Workplace inspections.

By exception incident investigations.

Critical Control Verification FH03 Mobile Equipment (BLS-004 FH03-CCV-02-FH03) – 4 monthly check on the conduct of Pre-Starts, interviews with Drivers/Operators, inspection of working area, HME equipment check status (in-date ItS sticker), understanding of speed requirements.

OFI-081 Review how site road standards are monitored

Workshop participants identified that the construction and maintenance of site roads including lighting, delineation and signs does not always align with site standards.

The design, construction, handover, and maintenance of site roads is a key vehicle interaction control. While operators can adjust to non-standard conditions, the decision demands on them increase and this increases the likelihood of a mistake or error.

Review and confirm how site roads are monitored to confirm that they meet site standards. Review and confirm the practicality and application of site processes for road construction, handover, and ongoing maintenance.

Site infrastructure is protected from unplanned contact with mobile equipment.

When constructing roads near infrastructure, hazardous locations or work areas the documented requirements include placing windrows, bunds or physical barriers (designed to reduce injury threats if struck (i.e. rounded and/or frangible)) – and where these cannot be placed (e.g. for overhead lines) then warning devices (over height alarms, cable balls, geo fencing etc.), or vision enhancing components (mirrors, translucent ventilation curtains etc.) are installed.

Information is prepared on requirements and workers are trained in how to implement and adjust protection barriers and warning devices.

Specification ES-006 11kV and 22kV Overhead Transmission Lines (undated) – S6.5 Protection required when crossing over roads (goal posts to warn over-height vehicles) and minimum clearance heights noted (10 metres which may be insufficient for crossing haul roads)

Specification CS-007 Road Furniture, 15/9/2018 – Details requirements for the physical sizes of delineators, signage, guard rails, etc. Specification seems to be meant for use on public roads – is this in use at CNOC haul roads?

Barriers and warning devices that protect site infrastructure from contact with mobile equipment are installed as designed.

Protection types include physical barriers that prevent contact through to warning/vision enhancing devices to enhance vehicle operator’s situational awareness.

Workers only remove or modify barriers in line with site requirements.

Inspections and Interviews – key infrastructure (e.g. conveyors) are separated from HME movements and have berms protecting against inadvertent entry into the conveyor trace (corridor), other infrastructure protected by solid bollards and berms.

OFI-046 Review site bunding practices

Workshop participants discussed site bunding processes especially for high-risk areas. They identified that infrastructure protection in the McKellar yard is inadequate They also identified an issue with the site bund standards and practice where hazards are created from using larger rocks on the surface of the bund.

Inadequate bunding can lead to vehicles crossing over or penetrating bunds i.e. not stopped through gaps, insufficient height and width etc. This is made more significant in areas where bunds are protecting pedestrians, environmental hazards (drop-offs etc.), and conflicting traffic flows.

Implement a campaign to identify key bund problems and address them. Consider a rock size or smoothness criteria for construction and maintenance.

Records of as designed, installation of barriers and warning devices.

Regular inspection and test records confirm performance requirements are being maintained.

CPS-PLN-5.0 Survey Manual – Requires pick-up of all installed infrastructure.

Mobile equipment operators follow road rules drive to conditions and circumstances.

Mobile equipment operators follow road rules and adjust based on conditions and circumstances by:

• Decreasing speed
• Increasing clearance distances
• Stopping if required
• Notifying or removing hazards (road conditions, spillage, etc.)

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules – S5.3 Drive to Conditions, references the use of TARP levles to respond to adverse conditions.

Ongoing briefings and checks that confirm that mobile equipment operators understand road rules and are aware of necessary operating adjustments based on conditions and circumstances.

Multiple Training Modules – Indicate requirements for driving to conditions with theory and practical assessments to confirm understanding.

SOP-017-FRM-02 Traffic Management Plan (TMP) Form – indicates setting up specific guidance for intended traffic flows in an area, with required sign off and notifications to affected vehicle operators (CMW).

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Training modules are not specific around the types of road conditions and required responses (using a “drive to conditions” requirement). Should there be specific examples for trainees?

OFI-045 Review performance monitoring for application of road rules including adjustments to conditions and circumstances

Workshop participants confirmed that how and where operators are adjusting their speed to conditions e.g. for dust is not consistent across site. There was also discussion of different travel speeds on the same haul roads between workgroups that are speed monitored and those that are not.

Inconsistent travel speeds can lead to significant vehicle interactions (loss of control, dovetail collisions etc.) that are compounded by poor visibility.

Review site and business speed standards. Include a review of speed monitoring including how condition adjustments are made. Improve performance consistency and align with critical control verification and other checks. Consider developing processes to provide operator performance feedback for self-monitoring and performance management.

OFI-087 Review Site Speed Limits and Monitor Performance

Workshop participants discussed an absence of consistent guidance for speed limits for the go line and on different grades of ramp.

Not providing guidance in high traffic areas and where vehicle runaway is possible can lead to unwanted vehicle interactions.

Review the setting of speed limits for the go line and site ramps. Confirm communication and training processes, introduce performance monitoring

Supervisor and despatch oversight.

Supervisors and peers monitor vehicle operator performance.

By exception hazard reporting and incident investigation.

Critical Control Verification FH03 Mobile Equipment (BLS-004 FH03-CCV-02-FH03) – 4 monthly check on the conduct of Pre-Starts, interviews with Drivers/Operators, inspection of working area, HME equipment check status (in-date ItS sticker), understanding of speed requirements.

OFI-068 Consider using radar speed detection in operational areas.

Workshop participants confirmed that there are regular radar measurements of vehicle speeds on access roads. However, they confirm that the same approach is not in use in pit operations.

Mobile equipment speed management relies on operator decisions to drive to conditions and maintain site road rules. Using radar speed checks confirms and reinforces that operators are making the right decisions in production areas.

Consider applying a site-wide approach for speed monitoring using radar. Align this work with vehicle speed monitoring using technology installed on equipment.

OFI-070 Review Opportunities to consistently apply site traffic management standards and measure performance

Workshop attendees discussed variations in applying vehicle interaction controls and operating approaches between workgroups at Curragh North Mine. They noted that while the Coronado SOPs apply to all workgroups:

• Some SOPs that are not specific enough about performance requirements and how performance is measured. This allows variations in how standards are interpreted and applied in the same areas by different workgroups.
• There are different performance requirements by area e.g. between the Mine Industrial Area (MIA) and Mine Operational Area (MOA) for positive communications, road construction for gradient and ramp speed, heavy vehicle access, escorting requirements etc.

At an operational level this can result in different workplace layout standards between OCEs and conflicting directions confuse supervisors. A non-standard approach also inhibits the introduction of consistent performance measures and digital technology such as Collision Avoidance Systems.

Leverage the knowledge and capability of the contractor support companies to review Curragh SOPs. Consider developing

• Visual specification details and references
• Illustrate the performance standard required using examples
• Review and develop performance measures that support the consistent delivery of site standards across all workgroups.

OFI-010 Consider making camera feeds available to improve performance monitoring.

Supervisors and open cut examiners (OCE) spend many hours per shift in the field monitoring performance.

Currently OCEs and supervisors review performance by observing operating practices and inspecting the operating environment condition at close proximity and from available lookouts.

Review how area camera feeds can be used by OCE and supervisor to complement this process, particularly as a reliable way to monitor workgroup interaction performance. Consider also the opportunity to use Artificial Intelligent (AI) technology to detect and amplify performance drift based on camera feed analysis.

Site infrastructure and fixed plant meets site requirements and remains structurally sound.

There is a site standard for the design, construction, inspection, and maintenance of infrastructure and fixed plant.

It is supported by comprehensive site processes for:

• Construction approval
• Construction and commissioning
• Inspections of infrastructure and fixed plant
• Repairs and maintenance
• Isolation from mobile equipment
• Weather damage failures
• Demolition

Site infrastructure and fixed plant remains structurally sound and available for its designed purpose during normal operations and failures are managed if they occur.

Specification ES-006 11kV and 22kV Overhead Transmission Lines (undated) – S6.5 Protection required when crossing over roads (goal posts to warn over-height vehicles) and minimum clearance heights noted (10 metres which may be insufficient for crossing haul roads)

Specification CS-007 Road Furniture, 15/9/2018 – Details requirements for the physical sizes of delineators, signage, guard rails, etc.

Construction, inspection, and maintenance and other processes relevant to site infrastructure and fixed plant are consistently applied.

A defect reporting system is in place with clear guidance on the actions to be taken if site infrastructure or fixed plant are compromised.

Inspections and Interviews – key infrastructure (e.g. conveyors) are separated from HME movements and have berms protecting against inadvertent entry into the conveyor trace (corridor), other infrastructure protected by solid bollards and berms.

Infrastructure and fixed plant inspection, maintenance, and repair reports.

As required, investigations of infrastructure and fixed plant failures.

CPS-PLN-5.0 Survey Manual – Requires pick-up of all installed infrastructure.

PLN-005 PHMP – Mobile Equipment Incidents – S4.2 Includes requirements for audits and inspections of all roads and parking areas, bunds and protective structures.

There are formal processes in place for managing changes in conditions that can compromise safe production.

Procedures in place for managing changes to normal mobile equipment operations covering:

• Electrical storms
• High winds and raised dust
• Reduced visibility (e.g. fog, mist, loss of area lighting)
• Road pavement conditions (wet, damaged, etc.)
• Compromised access controls, etc.

Also conditions which compromise normal road traffic operations such as:

• Limited access to working areas
• Short term work plans increase vehicle movements and interaction intensity
• External traffic movements e.g. escorting loads

Consider developing Trigger Action Response Plans for site relevant changes in conditions. Use gradated levels with required responses such as:

• Green Level. Threat is not present or can be well managed using routine processes and equipment.
• Yellow Level (optional). Threat is present but not yet hazardous. This level is communicating situation detail, increasing awareness, and monitoring and communication changes.
• Amber Level. Threat level has increased and can be managed through changes to processes and heightened vigilance of workers and supervisors.
• Red Level. Threat is continuing to increase and workers (apart from any deployed to reduce the threat) are withdrawn to safe locations.

Multiple Documents – refer to changes in conditions and management of deteriorating road, visibility, or traffic levels.

Supervisors and workers are trained in developed TARPs and their competence is confirmed.

Conditions beyond those expected trigger an appropriate response from sites escalating awareness and ceasing operations as appropriate.

Significant (Amber and above) triggers are communicated to more senior personnel on site.

RIIMPO337-LM Learning Material – Conduct Articulated Haul Truck Operations (and other similar modules) V1.0 17/1/23 – S-Adapt to Changing Conditions, describes considerations and issues that would require a change in how the vehicles are being operated.

OFI-080 Review site processes for communicating alerts and information about operating conditions.

Workshop participants noted that process for the timely communication of information on road network changes covering haul route intersections, road maintenance and construction, changes in road conditions e.g. slumps, parked vehicles, and general operating conditions e.g. congestion, and interactions with other workgroups can be improved.

Productive and safe surface mining requires ongoing good decision making from mobile equipment operators of both light and heavy vehicles. Providing information about operational changes and advice on the expected response supports consistently good decision making.

Review and confirm that communication processes for mobile equipment operators, supervisors, LV operators, drill and blast and other stakeholders covering changes in roads and intersections and other operating conditions is effective, consistent and comprehensive. Consider digital enhancements.

Training and awareness records.

TARP levels and site responses are approved and in-date.

Records of communications and notifications of Amber and Red levels, including with external parties as required.

RIIMPO337-ASQ – Conduct Articulated Haul Truck Operations Assessment – Theory Q36 What are some conditions to consider regarding speed? Practical Obs 22 demonstrate driving to conditions.

There are formal processes in place for managing heavy rain, electrical storms, and other extreme weather events.

Procedures in place for storm situations and other weather impacts on roads and mobile equipment operations.

Develop and implement a process to minimise potential for fire from lightning strikes and other weather impacts 

• Monitor lightning activity using meteorological forecasts and other early warning detection systems
• Lightning protection or diversion systems should be installed in accordance with appropriate standards (e.g. National Fire Protection Agency 780 2011 Standard for Installation of Lightning Protection Systems; AS/NZS 1768 2007 Lightning Protection)
• Provide timely communications to allow sufficient time for all exposed site personnel to seek appropriate safe shelter
• Place equipment in protected area away from fuel sources (i. stop damage; ii. Stop spread to fleet)
• Instigate awareness training for workers that highlights the risks of lightning strikes and other exposure to weather related impacts (slippery roads, etc.) 
• Develop a trigger action response plan (TARP) for lightning and electrical storms that outlines responses to a storm at certain distances away from the mine (e.g. a staged response depending on distance)
• Procedure for the use and protection of explosives in known lightning conditions

Multiple Documents – refer to changes in conditions and management of deteriorating road, visibility, or traffic levels.

Training and assessment in the process and threshold for initiating the ceasing operations process for mobile equipment operators, supervisors, and managers during storms and other weather conditions impacting road network safety

Summary information on the process steps and thresholds is available on Trigger Action Response Plans (TARP) or equivalent.

The summary information includes site relevant weather condition thresholds and expected actions when it is no longer safe to continue normal operations using mobile equipment.

RIIMPO337-LM Learning Material – Conduct Articulated Haul Truck Operations (and other similar modules) V1.0 17/1/23 – Section – Adapt to Changing Conditions, describes considerations and issues that would require a change in how the vehicles are being operated.

Interviews and Screen shot – BlackRock portal provides guidance on the prevailing TARP settings for the operations.

Supervisors monitor activities of Vehicle Operators during storms – confirming their activities meet site requirements.

Training records are regularly checked to confirm currency of workers understanding around storm and lightning response requirements.

Parking area designs are fit for purpose. Parking areas are constructed and maintained to meet site requirements.

Parking area designs and construction include layouts for crib areas that segregate vehicle types, optimise traffic flows to avoid conflicts, protect infrastructure, and provide walkways at safe locations.

CGRA BLS-FH03 Mobile Equipment – Fatal Hazard Protocol V1.0 – S5 Traffic Rules …Designated parking areas for equipment by size that includes light vehicles to be parked in a location, and/or position that is separated from, and is clearly visible by operators of mobile equipment….Rules when vehicles and mobile equipment is to be left unattended (fundamentally stable), including broken / stood down equipment and equipment undergoing maintenance.

SMS-032 Specification for Design and Construction of Mine Roads V6.2 26/3/2024 – S3.2 Road Design Characteristics, …provide for safe parking areas near the locations of circuit call up signs… S4.4 Safety Berm Guidelines – Operational Areas …Parking Areas – must be separated from other vehicle traffic by suitable safety berm.

OFI-056 Review Site Parking Standards and their application

Workshop participants confirmed inconsistencies in the application of site parking standards. For example spoon drains or parking humps are not consistently available for parking areas in work locations. They also noted that the standards for parking areas are not regularly audited for compliance and were unaware of a process to for confirm that newly built parking areas meet standards before being handed to operations. There was also discussion on restricted parking availability in some locations

Substandard parking area construction and limited availability can result in roll-aways and parking in the wrong location e.g. in heavy vehicle blind spots, in positions that compromise pedestrians etc.

Review site parking area design standards, update if required. Confirm that there is a process for handover that has a construction commissioning check that confirms ‘as built’ meets design requirements. Consider parking requirements and demands by working group, location, and vehicle type. Review performance monitoring processes to confirm that vehicle operators are meeting site standards.

Designs are executed by road construction crews – placing windrows and berms as required to segregate vehicle types, infrastructure and walkways.

Supervisors direct and monitor the activities of road maintenance and construction crews.

Learning Material – Komatsu 930E-5 Haul Truck (and other training modules) – Covers means of parking and parking brake functions.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Training modules do not uniformly reinforce fundamentally stable parking requirements. Should they?

OFI-024 Review the effectiveness and frequency of inspections of parking and other infrastructure walkways.

Workshop participants discussed situations where degraded walkways e.g. in parking areas and around site infrastructure have remained unrepaired for long periods.

If walkways are not regularly inspected and maintained then their effectiveness as a control in separating pedestrians from vehicles can be compromised e.g. bund protections cannot stop vehicles, pedestrians walk on roadways to avoid water and mud, pedestrian crossings are not identified by vehicle operators etc.

Review the effectiveness and frequency of site infrastructure inspections, confirm that defects identified are captured and there is a process to track corrective action progress.

OFI-053: Extend parking performance expectations to all vehicle categories.

Workshop participants discussed site standards, expectations, training, and reinforcement covering parking of mobile equipment. There are some good documented examples of expected standards e.g. for wheeled loaders.

The approach for communication parking expectations does not extend to all vehicle types, locations, and situations e.g. haul truck fire

Review existing good practice examples and extend to all vehicle categories and circumstances e.g. go line, parking areas, in pit, for emergency etc.

Commissioning and handover records confirming that ‘as built’ meets design requirements

Supervisor inspection records.

Inspections and Interviews – Parking areas are included in the survey pick-ups and are shown on mine aerial photographs and plans.

BLS-004-FH03-CCV-03 Mobile Equipment – Management of Interactions V1.0 – Go line prompt covers park-up to minimise LMHV and HME interactions.

OFI-057: Review parking area construction, handover, inspection, maintenance, and audit process.

Site parking area requirements are documented but they are not always constructed as per the design. Some of the parking areas at site seem to have been constructed without reference to design standards.

It is understood that pickups are done by surveyors but the workshop attendees had no knowledge as to whether there is a review step that confirms correct construction and compliance to site standards.

Poor parking area standards cause unwanted vehicle interactions e.g. roll-aways, unsighted parked vehicles, pedestrian hazards etc.

Review the adequacy of site parking area designs and standards. Benchmark against industry good practice. Confirm the approval, construction, handover, inspection, maintenance, and audit process.

Personnel undertaking inspection, servicing, maintenance or recovery work on equipment in operational areas are protected from mobile equipment and other workplace hazards.

Sites have a consistent, defined, and measurable process for managing mobile equipment and other hazards in production areas during:

• Inspection
• Equipment servicing
• Equipment maintenance work
• Equipment recovery

The process defines:

• Where, and in what circumstances it applies
• Hazard identification and control assignment
• How decisions on delineation are made and deployed
• The experience and competency required before authorisation to work in a production area
• Communication requirements
• Responsibilities of trades and service personnel
• Mobile equipment responsibilities
• Production area owner responsibilities

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules – S8.11 Disable Equipment (Breakdown) describes requirements for a vehicle operator in the event of equipment breakdown whilst in an operating area.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Is there a formal process for isolating a broken down item of equipment before commencing field repairs?  Techniques described during interviews are sound for preventing unwanted interactions around in-field maintenance locations – is there a need for more formal guidance?

Trades, service and other personnel meet site requirements for working on equipment in production areas – with placement of windrows, barriers, cones, warning signage, geo fences and other measures implemented.

Designated and segregated in-pit work areas.

Communication protocols with mine controller and supervisor.

Inspection and Interview – If maintainers are required to work in an operating area, this is cleared by the OCE and the working area is coned off, with a LMHV area allocated, and no entry into the area occurs without Pos Comms with the maintenance crew.

Planning documentation.

Operational logs for service and maintenance personnel.

Authorisation records for personnel who carry out servicing and maintenance tasks in operational areas.

Notification records.

Maintenance, production supervisors, and mobile equipment operators monitor performance.

Maintenance and production supervisors monitor trades and service personnel to confirm performance.

Personnel approaching a vehicle parked in operational areas are protected from unexpected vehicle movements.

Sites set minimum requirements for approaching and accessing parked mobile equipment, these consider the:

• Possibility of a resting operator who wakes up and moves off without detecting the person accessing the parked equipment.
• The position for parking other vehicles.
• Communication with parked equipment to confirm the presence of an operator.
• Direction of travel if the parked vehicle drives or rolls away.
• Isolation requirements on entering the footprint of the parked vehicle.

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules – S8.5 Approach Equipment covers requirement for 50m stand-off unless positive communication occurs then implements lowered (parked fundamentally stable), and operator out of cabin before approaching.

CSP-025 People and Equipment Working Around Draglines V3.2 17/11/2022 – 30 metre exclusion zone and the 5 metre approach zones described – with clear positive communication from the DL operator before any approach can occur (comms include dragline (DL) activities and permission to approach).

Training and assessment in requirements for accessing parked vehicles for:

• Operators
• Supervisors
• Maintenance and service personnel
• Trainers
• Specialist contractors

Requirements are reinforced in site and area inductions.

Multiple Training Modules – describe the controls required for parking vehicles

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Training modules offer some guidance (e.g. for Wheel Loader Operations) but this is not in place for all training modules (e.g. for Articulated Haul Truck Operations).  Should the specific approach training be extended to all deployed equipment on site?

Training and assessment records.

Induction records.

Supervisors and mobile equipment operators monitor performance.

Reports from CAS Systems

Walkways are designed, constructed, and maintained to site standards.

Walkway design and construction follows site design requirements for protecting walkways near vehicle travel paths. These may include using:

• Windrows and bunds
• Physical barriers
• Pedestrian crossings
• Under or over passes
• Delineation of no-go and danger zones for pedestrians etc.

Vehicle sightlines and other features such as lighting and proximity alarms are considered when designing and constructing walkways.

CSP-028 Barricades V3.2 25/4/2023 – Offers guidance on requirements for tags and visibility around the MOA.

PLN-005 PHMP Mobile Equipment – S4.1 Design and Construction of Roads and Parking Areas …Pedestrian areas are designated, and where practicable, separated from vehicle interaction. The Critical Control – Management of Interactions includes considerations for pedestrian and traffic areas. S4.3 Traffic Management – requires designated pedestrian areas separated from vehicles.

OFI-021 Review the design standards, construction, and maintenance of site walkways.

Workshop participants confirmed that designated walkways around site workshops and parking areas are inconsistent.

Lack of clear and designated walkways can lead to pedestrians being in the incorrect (or unexpected) positions.

Review the design standards of walkways including demarcation and bunding requirements. Confirm processes for construction, maintenance, inspection and repair are adequate and can be measured. Monitor performance.

OFI-022 Review the design standards, construction, and maintenance of Go Lines

Workshop participants confirmed that Go Lines on site are inconsistent for Heavy Mobile Equipment park ups, light vehicle and pedestrian access.

Inconsistency in the design HV parking areas (Go Line) can lead to confusion and unwanted vehicle interactions e.g. for service and maintenance staff who work across site.

Review the design standards for heavy vehicle parking. Confirm processes for construction, maintenance, inspection and repair are adequate and can be measured. Monitor performance.

Walkways are constructed and maintained to meet site requirements.

Site design requirements are referenced before any walkway modifications are made e.g. new mobile equipment, facility use change etc.

Multiple Training Modules – Includes requirements in the General Operational Safety for either stopping operations (HME) or slowing down and passing with extreme caution (LMHV).

Walkway commissioning and handover records confirming that ‘as built’ meets design requirements

Housekeeping and facilities inspection records.

Maintenance records.

CCV CFH03 – Mobile Equipment / Vehicle Interaction – Has requirements for confirming designated pedestrian access around Go-Lines and confirmation that CMW are using designated pathways (pedestrian or vehicle).

There is a formal handover process between work crews that records and communicates operational status.

There is a formal handover process between work crews that records and communicates:

• Progress to plan
• Equipment status
• Operating and work environment conditions, hazards, and controls in place
• Interactions with other work groups or people
• Any other current and anticipated issues

SOP-049 Safety Inspections & Checking and Examining Work Areas V6.1 27/8/2021 – S4.2 OCE Inspection Reports requires all OCE reports to be included in the pre-shift meeting for the incoming crew.

CGRA BLS-007 Communication and Reporting V1.0 S5 Internal Communication requires information to be gathered and shared in a two-way communication meeting across all levels.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Coronado Global requirements for shift to shift supervision and planning were not noted to be specifically required in Management Plans – only being addressed in the Group Standard. Is this a requirement at CNOC – or is it addressed by the contracting groups conducting the works?

OFI-061 Improve shift-to-shift handover processes on site.

Workshop participants confirmed variable standards between different groups for preparing and handing over information between shift supervisors There is no site standard template available in use and the quality and quantity of information is inconsistent even for items relevant to every production workgroup e.g. roadworks, in-pit maintenance, OCE reports etc.

Incorrect or incomplete information transferred between supervisors can lead to hazards in the operation not being recognised and controlled by incoming operators.

Confirm minimum standards for handovers. Consider developing a standard template for shift supervisor transfer notes. Review the use of digital technology options e.g. for consistent messages that can be pushed to all relevant workgroups before handovers and used to aggregate multiple handover logs.

At the beginning of the work period, supervisors brief their work crews on relevant items.

At the end of the work period, a log is prepared for the next work crew.

Inpsections and Interviews – Pre-shift meetings delivered by supervisors observed by RM included information from the outgoing supervisors and OCEs. These supervisors were also preparing plans for the next shift to execute on.

OFI- 048 Review and improve pre-shift meeting process and execution.

Workshop attendees identified a requirement for a better pre-start meeting environment along with more effective meeting format and content. The discussion developed from a content communication question that considered how Curragh North mine SOPs are communicated to the workforce.

If mobile equipment operators miss information at their pre-start meetings, this lack of knowledge can result in unwanted vehicle interactions. If information content and meaning checks require asking your peer what the supervisor said then key points can be lost or diluted.

Review the process, location, and execution of pre-start meetings across workgroups. Confirm site minimum standards and develop performance measures.

OFI-050 Review hazard and control communications with work crews

Workshop participants discussed the challenges of running effective prestart meetings that communicate operational and safety information and performance expectations that reinforce individual and workgroup norms. At Curragh North the prestart meeting provides the only daily opportunity to communicate to a workgroup and discuss relevant hazards and their controls. Shift prestart meetings have to be efficiently transactional and also cover production elements e.g. assigning equipment etc. The current prestart sequence means that there can be shift long delays for sharing new information from a meeting across other workgroups e.g. for road works, changes to intersections, broken down equipment. and other short-term changes.

Workshop participants also noted that there are always production drivers covering ‘time to the first load.” Workshop participants also noted the challenges of crew size, supervisor experience and effectiveness, employee turnover, and production pressures that have to be managed.

Review the effectiveness of preshift meetings, consider developing performance measures and improve support for supervisors. Consider augmenting shift prestart meetings with hazard and control information e.g. SOP reviews, incident case studies that can be used during stoppages e.g. during wet weather.

Communications logs are completed and available for the next work crew.

Prework briefings are delivered.

SOP-049-FRM-01 Supervision Verification Audit Form – Superintendent – Oversight and checklist for confirming that supervisor conduct all required inspections, communication, and hand-overs.

Site load movements are well planned, and hazards are identified and managed.

There are site processes in place for planning and managing materials and equipment load movements covering:

Load movements

• Identifying and managing complex or heavy load requirements (including downward forces (excavators and loaders))
• Equipment selection for loading and unloading – confirming the load is within the rated capacity of the vehicle or trailer (for towing)
• Transport equipment selection – confirming the load is within the rated capacity and appropriate for the planned transport route
• Load restraints
• Transport routes consider interactions with other workgroups including travel speeds
• Unloading locations and tip points are level, stable, and suited to the vehicle and load being unloaded or tipped, with edges and drop-offs adequately protected
• Notifications and warning e.g. to operations
• Barriers between the load and personnel in the transport vehicle
• As required off-site transport permits

Hazardous materials transport

• Flammable liquids or explosives are transported in rated and approved vehicles
• Site notification, communication, and warnings are deployed

CGRA BLS-FH03 Mobile Equipment – Fatal Hazard Protocol V1.0 – S4 General Requirements requires sites to develop guidance and procedures for managing estimating weight and stability, moving the load, and adjusting vehicle operations for abnormal loads.

PLN-005 PHMP Mobile Equipment Incidents – S4 requires escorting of wide loads, loading within vehicle limits, and separation of loads from operators and passengers.

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules – addresses safe movement of loads at S5.9 Load Carrying, S5.11 Speed Limits LMHV and HME, S6 Escort Rules, S8.9.1 Loaded Trucks (Parking) only for hot-seat change and in the event of a situation that prevents the requirement for emptying the load before parking up.

OFI-087 Review Site Speed Limits and Monitor Performance

Workshop participants discussed an absence of consistent guidance for speed limits for the go line and on different grades of ramp.

Not providing guidance in high traffic areas and where vehicle runaway is possible can lead to unwanted vehicle interactions.

Review the setting of speed limits for the go line and site ramps. Confirm communication and training processes, introduce performance monitoring.

Personnel apply site processes to plan and execute safe and productive load movements.

Personnel involved in the movement of loads understand their accountabilities and are authorised to apply site processes for:

• Identifying load weights
• Equipment required for loading and unloading
• Equipment required for transporting
• Determining transport route constraints
• Documentation, notification, communication, and warning
• Identifying and managing other hazards

Multiple training modules – address requirements for loading bulk and specific materials and operating when loaded.

OFI-086 Reinforce site load movement protocols

Workshop participants report variable conformance with site processors for planning and executing safe and productive load movements.

Unwanted vehicle interactions can occur due to poorly placed loads.

Reinforce requirements for planning and executing safe and productive load movements.

OFI-100 Review blasting practices to improve VI outcomes

Significant amounts of over-size material is frequently present in blasted shots.

This over-sized material makes loading and dozer pushes more difficult and increases the potential for injuries to operators (whole body vibration) and damage to equipment.

Review the blasting practices and achieved size distribution of shots. Consider giving preference to higher powder factors which will reduce particle size and improve loading and dozing conditions.

Load movement plans are documented and logged.

By exception equipment damage and incident investigation findings.

Hazardous material movement audits.

Transport equipment maintenance records e.g. barriers remain in place

Multiple assessment tools – confirm understanding of the hazards and required controls around movement of loads.

There is an effective and applied communication protocol for managing interactions between pedestrians and mobile equipment.

Sites have consistent, defined, and measurable processes for managing interactions between pedestrians and mobile equipment. These define communication requirements based on the situation including:

• Approaching and accessing heavy vehicles
• Working independently in an area where vehicles are operating
• Working alongside a vehicle in the same workgroup
• How to move past a vehicle when working underground or in a constricted space e.g. if pedestrians cannot move to a position of safety in a roadway, the vehicle must stop, the operator must acknowledge the pedestrian presence and allow the pedestrians to walk past the vehicle before continuing

They also confirm what communication equipment and signage is required for different situations on site, for example

• When personnel are working on the ground at least one member of the work party must be in possession of a two way radio or equivalent.
• Standard radio (or other communications) call-up protocols are followed.
• Signage alerting vehicle operators to the presence of work in an area.
• Cap lamp signals when working underground.
• Collision Avoidance System handshake or acknowledgements etc.

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules -S7.3 Separation – Pedestrians Pedestrians must always give way to vehicles unless crossing at designated pedestrian crossings. S8.3 Access and Egress – pedestrians to give way to HME unless they are already on the go-line in which all HME remain stationary. S8.5 Approaching Equipment – if there are pedestrians within 50m the Operator must stand outside the cabin. S8.13 Hot Seat Changeover can only occur where there is a designated position for pedestrians. S8.15 Pedestrians TMP for Go Lines and Crib Huts to have designated walkways with signage.

Training and assessment in requirements for working in operational areas as a pedestrian.

Requirements are reinforced in area inductions and periodically at start of shift or similar briefings.

Planners and supervisors identify workgroup interactions and confirm required communication before entry and during work.

Permanent or mobile signs provide call up information

Curragh North Open Cut Area Familiarisation – No mention of rules for pedestrians in working areas. Should there be?

OFI-072 Review worker on foot communication and operating protocols

Workshop participant discussions identified a gap in site requirements covering communication requirements for pedestrians working in operational areas. The Curragh North open cut familiarisation information and induction does not have rules for pedestrians in working areas.

A failure to consistently set and meet communication requirements for pedestrians working in operating areas creates an ongoing vehicle to pedestrian interaction hazard that is inadequately controlled.

Update the NCOC area familiarisation to include rules around pedestrians in working areas. Confirm minimum communication requirements, barriers, permits, risk and control management. Review and update as required. Use practical examples to illustrate the application of standards.

Training records confirm that relevant personnel are competent e.g. maintainers, service personnel operators, supervisors.

Supervisors monitor performance.

Records of start of shift or similar awareness briefings.

Collision avoidance system logs and reports on equipment and pedestrian interfaces.

By exception hazard and incident reporting.

Approaching and accessing mobile equipment follows a consistent, defined, and measurable process.

Sites have consistent, defined, and measurable process for approaching and accessing mobile equipment. The process covers pedestrians and light vehicles approaching:

• Working heavy vehicles
• Parked heavy vehicles
• Required positive communications
• When it is safe to enter a work area
• Heavy vehicle safe state e.g. park brake engaged, access ladder lowered and implements grounded (if relevant)

SOP-017 Mine Traffic Rules – S8.5 Approaching Equipment has the key requirements of: only approach inside 50m after pos comms confirmed; Operator outside when pedestrians within 50m; CMW must achieve Pos Comms when departing HME work area.

Training and assessment in positive communications and the process for accessing a heavy vehicle are included and reinforced in multiple training and awareness modules e.g. operator training and area inductions.

The site requirements for managing interactions between:

• Pedestrians and vehicles
• Heavy vehicles and light vehicles

are routinely reinforced and communicated at shift briefings.

Learning Material – Conduct Wheel Loader Operations and other HME training modules – Section Entering a Loader Exclusion Zone is dominantly about changing operators and mentions be fundamentally stable but not about standing outside cabin.

RIIO304-ASQ Conduct Wheel Loader Operations Assessment and other HME assessments – does not formally confirm understanding of 50m rule, requirement to be outside the cabin when there are pedestrians nearby, etc.

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Is there a requirement for a formal part of training to cover interactions with pedestrians?

Training records confirm that relevant personnel are competent e.g. maintainers, service personnel operators, supervisors.

Supervisors monitor performance.

Collision avoidance system logs, reports, and heatmaps.

By exception hazard and incident reporting.

Nil vehicle to vehicle contacts during travelling and queuing operations.

Site requirements for separation between vehicles when travelling in the same direction, and when queuing, are clearly stated.

SOP-017 Using Mobile Plant – Mine Traffic Rules S8.6 Following distance – 50 metres requires a separation between vehicles travelling in the same direction, and S8.10 Queuing Rules for Haul Trucks – which allows for 15 metre separation and describes how to progress or leave a queue for a dig unit.

Vehicle operators are trained and assessed on their understanding of required separation distances – including challenge testing and observation to confirm they are alert to road network features which provide additional guidance on how far they are from the vehicle in front.

Multiple Training Modules (Learning Materials) – very brief mention of following road rules – no additional examples provided regarding separation and queuing requirements.

OFI-059: Review conformance with site travelling and queueing separation protocols.

Operator understanding of separation distances for travelling and queueing are not regularly challenged, tested, or monitored.

The reliability of controls for maintaining separation distances through the load and dump cycle, including during queueing, depends on constant good decisions being made by mobile equipment operators.

Review and confirm the adequacy of competence testing, auditing, critical control verification and oversight around travelling and queueing separation protocols. Consider developing performance measures, include a monitoring capability in future technology implementations for collision avoidance.

Training records confirm the currency of vehicle operator understanding of separation distances.

Specified review period to retain competencies are stated and tracked.

Supervisors monitor vehicle operator performance.

Proximity detector logging and exception reporting.

BLS-004-FH03-CCV-02-FH03 Mobile Equipment – Vehicle Safety & Operations – no specific requirement for observing separation and queuing behaviours. Should there be more detail?

The design and installation of delineators assists mobile equipment operators to accurately estimate separation distances.

Road designs and construction requirements include standards for the accurate spacing of delineators along the road network.

Spacing guideposts are placed at distances relative to the distance required to be maintained between mobile vehicles.

Site design requirements specific the use of reflector colours e.g. Use red reflectors on the left, white on the right.

SOP-017 Mine Traffic Rules – Notes requirement for delineators – but with no specific guidance on placement.

SMS-032 Specification for Design and Construction of Mine Roads – S4.8 Delineators and Guideposts provides guidance on height and placement of delineators (100m on straight and 50m at intersections) Other sites use 50m spacing on delineators to provide a visual prompt for travelling distance. Is this worth considering for CNOC?

Road construction crews place and maintain delineators at required distances.

Inspections and Interviews – Signage and delineation installed largely to conform with requirements.

OFI-029 Review and improve site delineation practices

Workshop participants confirmed that site delineation standard vary including the agreed distance between delineators. They agreed that the maximum distance between delineators should be 50 m. This distance provides a reliable definition of the road edge while assisting with drivers to estimate of following distances.

Non standard spacing of road delineators can confuse mobile equipment operators on correct following distances during same-direction travel and road edge positions.

Review site delineation design standards. Confirm site requirements e.g. installed and maintained at a consistent 50 metre spacing on longer runs and closer at intersections and around corners (e.g. chevron delineators). Review processes for installing, inspecting, and maintaining the standards.

Commissioning and handover records confirming that ‘as built’ meets design requirements

Supervisor inspection records.

BLS-004 FH03-CCV-01-Mobile Equipment – Road and Intersection Design & Construction – Requirement to check signage, boom gates and other safety components (but no specifics on delineation marker distances on site and around intersections).

Workshop Discussion Prompt – Is there merit in considering requirements for Survey (drone scans) to provide reports on non-conforming delineation and windrows?

Installed proximity detection systems are fully leveraged to assist equipment operators, pedestrians, supervisors, and site management improve operational performance.

Installed proximity detection systems are fully leveraged to assist equipment operators, pedestrians, supervisors, and site management improve operational performance.

When proximity detection systems are fitted, data is from vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure is sent to:

• Support and monitor operator performance, including making interventions.
• Alert and update supervisors on operator performance.
• Analyse and improve operational processes.

Data and associated information are managed following site privacy and record keeping standard.

Reports and analysis may include:

• Inputs to operator score cards.
• Heat maps that check planning assumptions.
• Checks on operating environment layouts.

Reports confirm proximity data is being captured, transmitted, aggregated, analysed and applied improve vehicle interaction performance for:

• Individuals
• Supervisors
• Operating sites

Confirmation that site privacy management standards are being maintained e.g. through audits or reviews.

Performance metrics e.g. operator score cards, supervisor interactions, construction and maintenance of the operating environment meets design standards.

Significant interaction threats will initiate the site cease operations process and plans.

There is a process and threshold for ceasing mobile equipment operations at site because of significant interaction threats caused by:

• Unauthorised access (pedestrian, wildlife, or vehicles).
• Non reversible equipment moving on a roadway (e.g. into underground or down a narrow ramp).
• Breakdowns.
• Emergency response e.g. fires, compromised tyres etc.
• Escorted vehicles.
• Other relevant site circumstances.

Interviews – No specific documented requirement about developing TARPs.  Should there be some guidance around subject areas and required approaches for developing Trigger Action Response Plans?

Significant interaction threat awareness, training and assessment for vehicle operators, supervisors and management covering:

• Anticipating and identifying significant interaction threats
• Notifying
• Expect actions e.g. using Trigger Action response Plan (TARP) thresholds and actions
• Worker observations of potentially dangerous situations

Real world examples are used for training, induction, and start of shift briefings. Examples include an explanation of how interaction threats develop

BlackRock System – TARP status visible on login page of BlackRock.

Training and assessment records.

Approved and in-date TARPs or equivalent.

By exception post incident reviews.

There should be a formal approach to emergency preparedness on site. It should include local response, emergency response through to crisis management.

There should be a formal approach to emergency preparedness on site. It should include local response, emergency response through to crisis management and may include formal liaison with external agencies. 

Specific response plans for foreseeable site emergencies e.g. traumatic injuries, entrapment, rescue from heights, fires, spills etc. are:

• Prepared
• Resourced (equipment and personnel)
• Practiced and tested
• Reviewed and improved
• Maintained

At a minimum, site emergency response capability requires that:

• All personnel at site know how to notify a site emergency
• All employees (direct and indirect) understand first-response actions after notification for fires, injuries, spills, and other foreseeable incidents
• There are trained and competent emergency responders, supported with appropriate equipment, and who may be supported by external agencies
• There are processes to notify and carry out emergency evacuations

Emergency Management CORONADO GLOBAL RESOURCES (AUSTRALIA) Business Level Standard (BLS) Document Number: CGRA BLS-017. This general standard describes the minimum requirements for Operations to establish and maintain an emergency capability and identify appropriate resources to provide effective emergency response to operational emergencies.

PLN-001 Safety and Health Management Plan – Section 10 Emergency Response – Curragh maintains an emergency and crisis management capability for identified potential operational emergencies and; crises, developed from the Broad Brush Risk Assessment, and informed by legislation, industry standards, appropriate codes of practice and specialist advice.

PLN-005-RA PHMP Risk Assessment Mobile Equipment Incidents The register has multiple vehicle interaction entries.

A senior site position is accountable for site emergency and crisis management response and recovery capability.

Emergency response plans have a review cycle and are also reviewed after incidents. Emergency response information is available in the workplace in a format that is audience appropriate.

Visitor inductions include emergency notification and evacuation requirements. 

Employees (direct and indirect) are trained in:

• Emergency notification
• First response – first aid, fire fighting etc.
• Evacuation
• Where relevant – the use of self-rescuers and refuge chambers

Emergency responders:

• Are trained and competent to manage foreseeable site emergencies
• Have access to up to date plans, support materials, and navigation aids
• Have access to adequate equipment to manage foreseeable emergencies

SMS-006 Managing Emergencies at the Mine. This comprehensive document details requirements and processes to manage emergency response for all activities associated with surface coal mining at the Curragh Complex, including vehicle interactions while meeting legislative requirements.

Capability reports for Emergency Responders, Employees, and Visitors.

Reviews of emergency response drills.

Maintenance reports on the status of site emergency response equipment.

By exception incident reviews.

OFI-089 Review and confirm Curragh complex emergency preparedness and capability.

Workshop participants discussed site emergency preparedness.

They questioned the need for a review based on the recent operational separation between the north and south mines.

Confirm that site emergency response across the Curragh complex is adequate and meets both company and legislative standards. The review should consider the logistics of moving volunteers e.g. availability of light vehicles.

There is an effective document and information management system in place that meets requirements and prevents sensitive information being shared inappropriately.

• Company information is documented, applied by operating sites projects, and continually improved.
• Management System components are prepared in a style appropriate for their intended audience.
• Storage duration and access restrictions are specified for different information and document types.
• Provision of information to required onsite, company, and third parties is enabled by the system.

BLS-005 Controlled Documents and Records Business Level Standard This Controlled Documents and Records Business Level Standard describes the standards and processes required by Coronado Global Resources (Australia) Operations to create, review, approve and store Safety and Health Management System (SHMS) Controlled Documents…

• Relevant management System components are available and used at an operational level.
• Information from operational and technical teams is stored in line with site requirements (including statutorily required record books and display boards).
• Documents, records and information are shared with site, company workers, and third parties in line with requirements.

• Document management system effectiveness and efficiencies are periodically audited with improvement opportunities actioned as appropriate.
• Leaders routinely check that resources are available and applied at a task level during task observations, inspections, and other interactions.

Site requirements that all employees, contractors and visitors are fit for duty (unimpaired) while in the workplace.

There is an effective site fitness for duty approach that:

• Applies equally to all, influences positive behaviours, and assist people
• Emphasizes self-management, individuality accountability, and shared responsibilities
• Includes credible threat AOD (alcohol and other drugs) impairment screening processes and consequential discipline
• Recognizes and responds to the multiple reasons why people may be impaired at work covering fatigue, stress, intoxication, and workplace stressors e.g. hot working conditions
• Supports supervisors to remove impaired persons from workplaces and then deal with the reason for impairment
• Minimizes inconvenience to the majority, while delivering required business outcomes

BLS-011 Fitness for Work Business Level Standard – This comprehensive business level standard includes these elements: Coal Mine Workers Health Scheme; Drugs; Alcohol; Prescribed and Non-prescribed Medication; Personal fatigue; Physical and psychological impairment; and Injury management

OFI-079 Consider deploying operator alert system technology.

Workshop participants discussed the deployment of operator alert system (OAS) Technology at other mines. They confirm that when the technology is operationally integrated, then it provides an additional and reliable control for managing operator fatigue. In some cases, it can assist individuals to identify and manage underlying health issues.

The consequences of a fatigued mobile equipment operator falling asleep at work can be catastrophic. Without a technology monitoring approach, site leaders have little visibility on the effectiveness on site fatigue management processes other than self-reporting and incident investigations.

Benchmark the application of commercially available technology with other Australian operations. Make the business case of how it can be deployed to complement and enhance existing site fatigue management approaches.

Training and awareness for all personnel on site fitness for work process and their responsibilities.

Associated infrastructure for amenity, hygiene, meal breaks, and rest are provided.

The application of BLS-011 Fitness for Work Business Level Standard is supported by: BLS-011-FRM-02_Fitness for Work – Restricted Management Form; BLS-011-FRM-02_Fitness for Work-Medical Declaration; BLS-011-FRM-03 Individual Journey Management Plan; BLS-011-FRM-04 Fitness for Work – Roster Fatigue Assessment – a comprehensive resource; SMS-011 Physical and Psychological Impairment; SMS-012 Alcohol and Other Drugs (This procedure identifies and controls risks associated with the consumption of alcohol and other drugs at Curragh)

A comprehensive fitness for work processes is in place and being applied.

Screening reports.

Employee assistance reports.

Training and awareness sessions completed to schedule.

Competent supervisors are supported when they apply site performance management processes.

Accountabilities are clearly defined in site performance management processes. This includes details about how managers and support personnel such as human resources or industrial relations advisors are expected to support supervisors.

OFI-042 Review the design and application of site performance management processes.

Each contractor and Coronado Global Mining have their own (commend or correct) performance management processes in place. Workshop participants discussed inconsistent application of the process between companies and between supervisors. The discussion covered how the supervisors and superintendents who apply the processes can be better supported to deliver consistent outcomes.

They noted that some of the most important vehicle interaction controls are people dependent and are based ongoing judgment and continuous good decisions of mobile equipment operators. These frontline decision are informed by training on the practical application of site standards. Appropriate performance monitoring with short cycle feedback is required to maintain the reliability of people dependent vehicle interaction controls.

Review line manager performance training and support processes. Develop vehicle interaction control examples as part or training to reflect the importance of following site rules and reporting hazards etc. Confirm the task level limitations (decision rights) and permissions required to deviate from site standards. Consider developing performance feedback to operators that supports self-monitoring.

Site performance management processes are documented and current and approved by senior managers.

Supervisors are trained and supported when they apply site performance management processes to:

• Recognise and reward good performance
• Coach for performance improvement
• Manage ongoing inadequate performance and non-conformance
• Respond to significant operating breaches

SOP-049-FRM-01 Supervision Verification Audit Form – Superintendent – is used to assess supervisor capability

OFI-041 Review and improve supervisor performance management on site

Supervisor skills were discussed and inconsistencies in the application of employee performance management processes (commend and correct) were noted. This applies to both periodic performance reviews and as required.

Reviews are reported as being ad hoc and are captured in different ways e.g. using of iAuditor and SharePoint. There have been issues with information being lost, overwritten etc. There is also an absence of supervisor support e.g. understanding preferred personal leadership style and adapting based on the situation.

Many vehicle interaction controls in mining are people dependent and require effective supervision with performance feedback. Poor or ineffective supervision can lead to slipping standards and result in performance drops e.g. unwanted vehicle interactions.

Review and implement a good practise model for employee performance management. support. Consult with contractors and confirm how site expectations can be consistently met by applying their supervisor development and support processes. Consider training and development for supervisors, recording processes and support.

OFI-069 Confirm site performance expectations align their performance management application.

Workshop participants confirmed that supervisors and trainers from different contractors and business units interpret site performance expectations and apply performance management (commend or correct) processes inconsistently.

A range of interpretations of site expectations for vehicle interaction controls can lead to variable behaviours and potential conflicts of operating practices.

Define site performance expectations, communicate using real-world scenarios and examples. Confirm the process with all contractors and business units and align performance management approaches applied.

Review personnel records to confirm that performance management processes are applied routinely and consistently by supervisors to:

• Recognise and reward good performance
• Coach for performance improvement
• Manage ongoing inadequate performance and non-conformance
• Respond to significant operating breaches

Planned inspections and task observations assess and provide timely feedback about the effectiveness and efficiency of performance standards (work as documented) as they are applied in the workplace (work as done).

Planned inspections and task observations assess and provide timely feedback about the effectiveness and efficiency of performance standards (work as documented) as they are applied in the workplace (work as done).

The site processes for inspections and task observations have these elements:

• Inspections and task observations are scheduled and assigned to site roles, and consider the work intensity and exposure of workers to harm (including checks on work environments, workers performing tasks alone or in remote locations, and work group interactions),
• Minimum competence and experience requirements, based on inspection or task observation type, are detailed,
• Reference to available information e.g. checklists, aide memoirs detailing expected standards and performance requirements,
• There is process for performance reporting, identifying defects, and assigning remedial actions,
• Outputs from multiple inspections and task observations monitored for performance drift trends. 

Task Observations provide additional information about:

• Training effectiveness,
• Task assignment and performance expectations,
• Procedures and task instructions,
• Employee engagement and contributions.

Site Planned Inspections:

• Assess the application of methods and practices performance standards in a systematic and organised way,
• Confirm that people have the resources required to complete their work safely and productively, in an appropriate work environment,
• Identify and deal with potential problems and issues before losses occur,
• Identify effects of changes,
• Identify equipment defects,
• Confirm the status of remedial actions.

BLS-001 Leadership and Accountability This Business Level Standard describes the minimum leadership, culture, and accountability requirements for Coronado Global Resources (Australia) and its Operations. It includes C.A.R.E. values, role expectations and Felt Leadership covering:

• Layered audits
• Critical Control Observations
• Planned Task Observations
• Safety Interactions

Section 10.1 outlines breaches to life saving rules

BLS-002 Organisational Roles and Responsibilities defines the roles and responsibilities attributed to each management

level in the Organisation. It includes statutory positions, Coal Mine Workers, Site Safety and Health Representatives, risk and control owners.

Senior site personnel confirm that scheduled inspections and task observations match schedule and quality expectations.

Site Inspection and Task Observations processes are applied to:

• Assess operating conditions,
• Review work practices,
• Confirm the status of plant and equipment status,
• Identify effects from changes in materials and process
• Confirm the close out of remedial actions
• Evaluate management performance
• Analyse the effectiveness and efficiency of workflows from approval, through planning, scheduling, resourcing, and task execution

Critical Control Verification FH03 Mobile Equipment (BLS-004 FH03-CCV-02-FH03) – 4 monthly check on the conduct of Pre-Starts, interviews with Drivers/Operators, inspection of working area, HME equipment check status (in-date ItS sticker), understanding of speed requirements.

OFI-024 Review the effectiveness and frequency of inspections of parking and other infrastructure walkways.

Workshop participants discussed situations where degraded walkways e.g. in parking areas and around site infrastructure have remained unrepaired for long periods.

If walkways are not regularly inspected and maintained then their effectiveness as a control in separating pedestrians from vehicles can be compromised e.g. bund protections cannot stop vehicles, pedestrians walk on roadways to avoid water and mud, pedestrian crossings are not identified by vehicle operators etc.

Review the effectiveness and frequency of site infrastructure inspections, confirm that defects identified are captured and there is a process to track corrective action progress.

OFI-037 Review and extend the site critical control verification processes.

Workshop participants report that senior contractor managers are not included in site level critical control verifications. Currently these are completed by the Coronado leadership team.

In mid 2025, the 2024 amendment of Queensland Mining regulations to include Critical Controls comes into force so there are legislative drivers to review site processes for the effective management of critical controls, including those relevant to vehicle interaction management.

Consider extending the site level critical control verification process to involve contractor leaders, also consider the benefits of capturing and reporting current contractor control verification activities. Confirm minimum requirements to meet legislative requirements and update site processes. Consider apply digital approaches for capturing and reporting field activities.

Inspection and task Observation reports meet site performance expectations for quantity and quality.

There is a process that manages defects, non-conformances, and other performance issues identified from inspections and task observations. These are assessed and where necessary remedial actions with due by dates are assigned.

Performance reports track remedial action status.

Trend analyses reports that identify drift from expected performance.

OFI-063 Consider how supervisor inspections can combined to identify system level operating challenges

Workshop participants discussed the effectiveness of supervisor inspections of loading operations. While they provide oversight of task execution in real-time and an opportunity to correct and improve performance, the information for the inspection does not seem to be fully leveraged. That is, inspection reports from knowledgeable and experienced personnel are not being aggregated and analyzed to identify ongoing improvements to site processes. An example discussed was determining the cost benefits from increasing powder factor for blasting to reduce over-size material and minimise truck loading challenges.

Ongoing challenging loading conditions make excessive decision and performance demands on excavator and truck operators. This can result in errors that cause unwanted vehicle interactions and equipment damage.

Consider opportunities to leverage site inspections for analysis and performance improvements. Review digital technology options.

OFI-83: Review options for analysing critical control verifications and other field observations.

Critical control verifications are carried out routinely at North Curragh by senior managers. This is a positive activity that focuses on preventing serious incidents.

While verification activities are monitored and maintained, there is little analysis and feedback on findings beyond the immediate fixes required at a task level.

Consider options for aggregating critical control verifications to assist with understanding the effectiveness of control design and implementation.

Applied and effective change management processes are in use at the operating site, and these apply to the introduction of new types and models of mobile equipment.

The introduction of new mobile equipment components, new models and new types e.g. introduction of electric battery powered equipment follow a defined change management process that:

• Confirms the scope
• Identifies potential impacts for mobile equipment and personnel
• Confirms how hazards will be controlled e.g. equipment fires
• Communicates relevant information to personnel

When senior managers confirm that change management thresholds for new equipment will be crossed, relevant parts of the process are applied to manage the introduction of the equipment e.g. for new models, different types etc.

New equipment controls are communicated and implemented.

Incident investigation is a business improvement process for identifying and solving issues that can compromise site safety and productivity.

Sites have formal approach for incident reporting, investigation and determining corrective actions. The approach is effective at a site level while meeting company and regulatory requirements for incident reporting, scene preservation, and management.

Incident reports include what happened, loss potential, why it happened, likelihood of recurrence and provide a business case for corrective actions.

CGRA BLS-019 Incident Reporting and Investigation V1.0 S1 Purpose – The purpose of this Incident Reporting and Investigation Business Level Standard (BLS-019 Incident Reporting and Investigation Business Level Standard), is to describe the incident management process for Operations to adopt in accordance with business and legislative requirements Requires a response to all incidents, with more significant investigation of serious (or potentially serious) incidents. More serious (and notifiable) incidents are investigated applying an ICAM approach. Roles are described for an Investigation Owner (commissions and reviews analysis), ICAM Team Leader (guides process and prepares reports) and ICAM participants (contribute to analysis).

PLN-001 Safety and Health Management Plan S9 Incident Management – Curragh maintains a management culture that promotes the recognition, response, reporting and investigation of incidents, including near misses. Operational incident systems include site relevant response measures, recording and notification requirements, and investigation processes. Investigations include root cause analysis methodology relevant to the actual or potential incident consequence, whichever is higher. Appropriate corrective actions are to be implemented, and applicable findings and information from actual or potential incidents are to be shared across the site.

The site incident investigation approach and supporting processes:

• Set the investigation scope.
• Confirm training requirements for personnel leading investigations.
• Detail incident report contents e.g. what happened, its loss potential, why it happened, the likelihood of recurrence and making the business case for corrective actions.
• Describe the process for senior manager review and approval of corrective action recommendations and opportunities for improvement.
• Explain how site information feedback about the incident, investigation findings, and corrective actions.  
• Document the thresholds for externally reporting investigation findings e.g. within a company, to regulators, and OEM relevant information if equipment design has contributed to an incident.

OFI-003 Review the site incident investigation process and confirm that lessons learned are communicated and understood.

Workshop participants discussed how visits by work crews to incident scenes can improve understanding and on-ground input to investigations and practical corrective actions.

Incident investigations that determine causes and consequential control improvements do not involve enough people with operational experience about work is done can result in missing underlying causes and recommending impractical corrective actions. Examples include assigning major causes to ‘operator did not follow procedures’ with a corrective action of ‘reemphasise requirements at the next toolbox talk’ do not usually deliver lasting performance improvements based on understanding and applying required controls in defined circumstances.

Include work crew representatives in incident investigations and preparing the lessons learned processes. Where practical consider communicating lessons learned to relevant workgroups at the incident scene. Alternatively, prepare and use visual aids (e.g. intersections drawn on whiteboards to dynamically demonstrate the incident) to communicate and answer ‘what if questions. inspections to improve the incident review process.

Incident management process is in place and personnel know how to apply it.

Senior management records of

• Incident investigation reviews
• Approval of corrective actions and opportunities for improvement

Assignment of approved corrective actions

Progress tracking of corrective actions

Periodic analysis of incident patterns including

• Who makes the reports.
• Causes.
• Incident location and time.
• Equipment involved.
• Corrective actions types.
• The adequacy of any emergency response.

Site mine and road design guidelines and execution plans identify specific accountabilities for designers, engineers, and planners.

Site mine and road design guidelines and execution (e.g. traffic) management plans confirm site performance requirements and include specific accountabilities for designers, engineers, and planners.
Designers, Surveyors, Engineers, and Planners reference and apply relevant site management plans (for stability, road design and traffic management) to provide for safe and productive operations.

Designers, Surveyors, Engineers, and Planners manage and allocate resources to:

• Develop and maintain work areas, roads and supporting infrastructure that meet site, company, and regulatory design standards and requirements.
• Develop, maintain, review, and update the site management plans (as required).

Consultant Comment – confirm accountabilities for road design between mine owner and contractors.

OFI-092 Review mine design requirements and confirm requirements for segregated roadways

Workshop participants discussed site road design standards for segregating Heavy Vehicles (HV) from Light Vehicles (LV). They were unaware of design requirements for LV segregation, where practical, in site standards.

Segregating LVs from HVs is a consistently reliable vehicle interaction control. Its deployment depends on mine layout, forward planning, and commitment of resources.

Review the cost benefits from constructing and operating segregated roadways on site. Identify where they can add value, consider contractor position. Develop a design approach with decision criteria for construction. Present a case for management approval.

Designers, surveyors and engineers generate designs by applying site requirements and, as required, conducting risk assessments for new locations or requirements.

Short term planners trained and assessed in mine design guidelines and develop plans according to the guidelines.

Issued designs are formally reviewed and marked as approved to mine or construct.

Traffic management is considered at each process step.

Regular planning meetings review traffic management.

Design plans and related instructions are signed off by competent accountable personnel confirming that relevant road design and traffic management requirements are being met.

Mine planners consider future vehicle interaction hazards and reliable controls.

OFI-081 Review how site road standards are monitored

Workshop participants identified that the construction and maintenance of site roads including lighting, delineation and signs does not always align with site standards.

The design, construction, handover, and maintenance of site roads is a key vehicle interaction control. While operators can adjust to non-standard conditions, the decision demands on them increase and this increases the likelihood of a mistake or error.

Review and confirm how site roads are monitored to confirm that they meet site standards. Review and confirm the practicality and application of site processes for road construction, handover, and ongoing maintenance.

Operators and other involved personnel contribute to the safe and productive use of mobile equipment at site.

The site has a formal consultation and communication approach that includes the development and maintenance of a traffic management plan.

The process:

• Involves knowledgeable and experienced personnel in planning
• Informs all personnel about their responsibilities and expected actions
• Engages with all personnel as part of any updating of the plan, technology selection or introduction of new processes
• Gathers information about concerns, hazards, incidents, and other matters related to safe and productive operations

Work Health and Safety Policy Coronado Global Resources Inc. as reviewed by the Board on 16 February 2023. Purpose …In order to meet these safety objectives and achieve this commitment, the Company has adopted a safety risk management framework designed to identify and assess safety risks to ensure that suitable measures are identified, implemented and reviewed so far as is reasonably practicable. In doing so, the Company recognises the importance of consultation and ongoing promotion of safety awareness and individual commitment and responsibility to safety on the part of all people involved in our operations, including contractors and other business partners.

Coronado Coal Mine Operator Safety and Health Policy (undated)

OFI-077 Review and consider the value of adopting a vehicle hierarchy approach at Curragh North Mine.

Curragh North mining operations currently deploy a road rules approach to set intersection priorities. Workshop participants discussed the benefits of changing to a priority or vehicle hierarchy based approach. They noted that the most probable pathway to vehicle interaction fatalities at site is a collision between a heavy vehicle and a light vehicle.

Vehicle hierarchy approaches have been successfully deployed across mining and deliver both production and safety efficiencies. Light vehicles always give way to heavy vehicles and loaded vehicles have priority.

Consult stakeholders and consider the value of adopting a vehicle hierarchy approach at Curragh North Mine.

The traffic management plan is signed off.

Operators, and other personnel who work around mobile equipment:

• Are trained about formal and informal processes for health and safety consultation and communication at site.
• Participate in traffic management planning and review processes including equipment changes, layout changes, and process changes.
• Contribute to mobile equipment incident reviews
• Workers/operators report hazards, incidents and other concerns to supervisors and more senior site personnel as required

Supervisors routinely communicate and reinforce Traffic Management Plan requirements for:

• Maintaining vehicle interaction controls
• Reporting hazards and incidents

Curragh North Open Cut PLN-001 Safety and Health Management Plan version 3.6 4.2 Communication and Consultation Curragh has a range of communication processes to ensure that CMW’s are informed of hazards in their work areas: have access to, and are familiar with, relevant SHMS documents. CMW’s will be informed of the following matters: Hazards; Significant changes in site / work area conditions; The commencement of significant activities; Changes that impacts on work methods; Incidents;

Any matters affecting the safety and health of CMW’s must be communicated to CMW’s, at Curragh these communications may be in the form of elements of: Pre-start meetings; Toolbox talks; Site Alerts and other notices; Incident information.

Curragh requires that there are adequate avenues for CMW’s to raise and resolve safety issues by raising issues with Supervisors and other Leadership, raising issues at pre-start and toolbox meetings, and providing for a Site Safety Committee to ensure that safety matters, including safety initiatives and improvements, affecting the wider Curragh community can be recommended and actioned.

Doc No 2018 Appointment – Site Safety & Health Representative

OFI-019 Consider implementing individual circuit traffic management plans

Workshop participants confirmed that Traffic Management Plans (TMP), organised by individual circuits are not prepared.

They confirmed situations where the absence of a specific up-to-date details about an operating circuit has resulted in operator misunderstandings and unplanned vehicle interactions e.g. for carrying out in-field equipment services, adjustments for water damage etc.

Traffic management plans (or their equivalent) are hierarchical dynamic resources that set standards for mine design, construction, maintenance, and operation. They also confirm the planning processes that manage workgroup interfaces. Their effectiveness at a circuit workflow and task level requires the communication and check for understanding of specific and up-to-date information.

Review site processes for Traffic Management processes, evaluate the benefits of preparing and communication operating details by circuit. Develop performance standards and measures.

OFI-082 Consider periodic state of the nation interactions across North Curragh Mine Complex

Workshop participants noted that different contract organisations have different ways and briefing their employees. It was also noted that Coronado currently does not do state of the nation briefings.

State of the nation briefings from mine operators to all work groups including contractors are routinely carried out at other operations. They provide consistent messaging and allow discussions and questions from all employees.

Consider the value of having periodic state of a nation briefings for all personnel at North Curragh mine. Typical frequency is every 3 to 4 months. Processes can be benchmarked from other operations and this should include how questions are responded to and followed up.

The site Traffic Management Plan is current, signed by a senior manager, and has a process for formal consultation and communication with operators and other personnel who work around mobile equipment.

Contribution measures such as:

• Incident and hazard reporting records related to mobile equipment
• Records of training, awareness, and employee feedback sessions – content, attendance, and participation
• Records of reviews that involve operators and other personnel who work around mobile equipment e.g. job safety analyses, task observations, change management reviews etc.

Interviews with operators and other personnel who work around mobile equipment confirm knowledge about Site Traffic Management plan responsibilities and key processes.

Multiple processes are in place to support effective health and safety communications between and across all organisational levels.

Multiple processes are in place to support effective two-way health and safety communication between and across all organisational levels, including:

• Consultative hazard identification and control management processes at operational, task and individual levels (risk assessments, job safety analysis, and personal task checklists (risk analyses)).
• Start of shift meetings and information boards addressing: Relevant operational information (general and from the preceding shift); Reinforcing task level hazard identification and control requirements; Promoting discussions and feedback on safety, health and operational matters, as required; Relevant external information to inform site workers of hazards and required controls.
• Representative committees with nominated worker representatives reflecting operating site structure, are established and monitor processes, performance, and progress against improvement plans and respond to incidents on and off site.

Work Health and Safety Policy Coronado Global Resources Inc. as reviewed by the Board on 16 February 2023 Purpose …In order to meet these safety objectives and achieve this commitment, the Company has adopted a safety risk management framework designed to identify and assess safety risks to ensure that suitable measures are identified, implemented and reviewed so far as is reasonably practicable.

In doing so, the Company recognises the importance of consultation and ongoing promotion of safety awareness and individual commitment and responsibility to safety on the part of all people involved in our operations, including contractors and other business partners.

Coronado Coal Mine Operator Safety and Health Policy (undated)

Health and safety consultation and communication processes are in place that:

• Are accessible and understood by everybody, including contractors, and people who are culturally or linguistically diverse
• Are part of routine communications e.g. during tool-box talks, start of shift meetings, presentations, surveys and feedback forms, workplace observations
• Where necessary include formal structured processes such as health and safety committees supported by worker representatives e.g. in large complex workplaces or team based risk analyses

These consultation and communication processes:

• Provide information about workplace changes and any external notifications workers should be informed of
• Communicate health and safety performance including progress against plans
• Share information about issues and incidents
• Reinforce health and safety hazards and their controls
• Gather information about concerns, practical hazard management, and other matters relating to safe and productive operation
• Allow workers to participate in workplace planning and review processes such as: Improvement planning and tracking; Incident reviews; Planning for workplace layout and process changes; Changes to equipment and plant in use

Curragh North Open Cut PLN-001 Safety and Health bPlan version 3.6

4.2 Communication and Consultation

Curragh has a range of communication processes to ensure that CMW’s are informed of hazards in their work areas: have access to, and are familiar with, relevant SHMS documents. CMW’s will be informed of the following matters:

• Hazards
• Significant changes in site / work area conditions
• The commencement of significant activities
• Changes that impacts on work methods
• Incidents

Any matters affecting the safety and health of CMW’s must be communicated to CMW’s, at Curragh these communications may be in the form of elements of:

• Pre-start meetings
• Toolbox talks
• Site Alerts and other notices
• Incident information

Curragh requires that there are adequate avenues for CMW’s to raise and resolve safety issues by raising issues with Supervisors and other Leadership, raising issues at pre-start and toolbox meetings, and providing for a Site Safety Committee to ensure that safety matters, including safety initiatives and improvements, affecting the wider Curragh community can be recommended and actioned.

OFI-047 Review the effectiveness of site approaches for delivering toolbox talks. Identify opportunities for improvement, including providing adequate question and answer opportunities.

Workshop participants discussed the effectiveness of site tool box talks. Sometimes delivery is reported as being a straight presentation with limited opportunity for questions and answers.

If the audience is unable to question the material presented then this can lead to two suboptimal outcomes:

• The audience may misunderstand key points from the information presented and then make incorrect decisions
• The presenters and line managed assumptions on understanding may be incorrect can lead to gaps in understanding of key information.

Review the effectiveness of site approaches for delivering toolbox talks. Identify opportunities for improvement, including providing adequate question and answer opportunities.

OFI-032 Review the effectiveness of site consultation and communication processes.

Workshop participants discusses inconsistencies for site consultation and communication processes. These variations include how the same information is presented, discussed for relevance with checks for understandings, and if feedback is captured and applied.

The two way flow of information and knowledge Coronado Global through to the operational workers is restricted and moderated by use of contractor workgroups. Also discussed was the willingness of new-to-industry and labour hire personnel to share information. Relevant information is not always accessible e.g. some coal mine workers do not have access to the BlackRock information system. Other examples discussed include how hazard sheets are completed, communicated and remain accessible for coalmine workers. There limited safety committee meetings and information is not being shared across all site operations.

Review site consultation and communication processes to confirm that all stakeholders and contract workers have the opportunity to be involved in health and safety improvements e.g. for vehicle interaction control improvements. Confirm that company and regulatory expectations are met.

OFI-082 Consider periodic state of the nation interactions across North Curragh Mine Complex

Workshop participants noted that different contractor organisations have different ways and briefing their employees. It was also noted that Coronado currently does not do state of the nation briefings.

State of the nation briefings from mine operators to all work groups including contractors are routinely carried out at other operations. They provide consistent messaging and allow discussions and questions from all employees.

Consider the value of having periodic state of a nation briefings for all personnel at North Curragh mine. Typical frequency is every 3 to 4 months. Processes can be benchmarked from other operations and this should include how questions are responded to and followed up.

• Records from training, assessment, induction, and other meetings confirm that all personnel are aware of the site health and safety consultation and communication processes are maintained in site information management platforms.
• Meeting and communication records include details on items and issues discussed.
• Records of communication are collected, stored and accessed based on site document (information) control and privacy requirements.
• Internal and external audits monitor the quality and quantity of hazard, incident and other reports to supervisors and more senior site personnel, as required.

1. Establishing an organisational structure which nominates roles that are accountable and responsible for performance of required business inputs
2. The structure provides guidance on reporting lines and authority for different aspects of the business input activities
3. Accountable role holders have site (or broader) duties to coordinate execution or improvement, and report on the performance of required activities
4. Responsible role holders execute the required activities, report on the quantity and quality of execution, and recommend improvement opportunities
5. Role descriptions include required certification and qualification, and associated resources provide clarity for role holders on their role’s requirements
6. Performance standards, aligned with role descriptions are developed and available to the senior leadership team

Work Health and Safety Policy, Coronado Global Resources, 16 Feb 2023 – Enabling document for the allocation of resources to support safe outcomes on site. Commits to practices, procedures, HSMS updates, training and supervision, culture support, provision of safe workplaces, and maintenance of these standards.

1. The business identifies site requirements through assessment of site issues with adoption and refinement of good practices to match prevailing conditions (including any statutory requirements)
2. Role structures based on RACI (responsible to the task, accountable for the business input requirements, consulted on implementation/change, and informed on performance) match the identified site requirements
3. Persons are formally appointed to the role (in a permanent or relief capacity), provided with the role description requirements and assessed, or trained and assessed, to confirm understanding
4. Activities are executed in line with prevailing site requirements including reporting on: performance; identifying and escalating problems; identifying improvements opportunities, and; mentoring other responsible role holders to lift standards

OFI-088 Confirm that required roles have been assigned in the site organisational structure

The workshop participants were unclear if all of the documented organisational role requirements were being executed as required.

Gaps in leadership and execution of required tasks can lead to hazards and issues emerging in the operation.

Revisit site protocols for assigning site leadership team role requirements. Confirm performance measures.

1. Reports on business input execution are reviewed by accountable role holders and reported, as appropriate, to more senior personnel
2. Internal and external audits and inspections are commissioned, reviewed and acted upon by senior leadership
3. Non-conformances with role requirements are addressed through performance management processes

For routine tasks in standard work situations, the site has a documented process that that can be applied by all employees and contractors before and during their work to identify hazards, assess risks, and apply required controls. 

The process is well designed and supports workgroup members to  manage minor variations in work steps or work settings.

The process:

1. Describes the situations and thresholds for its application e.g. before beginning a new task.
2. Supports an individual worker to identify hazards and confirm their controls using a checklist, task instruction, digital workflow, procedure, and other resources directly relevant to the work being undertaken.
3. Supports a team to identify hazards and confirm their controls using a checklist, task instruction, digital workflow, procedure, and other resources directly relevant to the work being undertaken.
4. Confirms when additional risk and control requirements must be applied, such as JSEA, permit processes and critical control verifications, for routine tasks with high potential consequences e.g. hot work, work in high voltage areas, process and equipment isolation, confined space entry etc.
5. Confirms the site requirements for documenting or recording process steps e.g. permits, Take 5, Stop-Look-Assess-Manage (SLAM) forms, and digital workflows.
6. Details how records are captured, monitored, and analysed.

Checklists, task instructions, digital workflows, procedures, and other relevant resources are: Designed by subject matter experts and authorised by an accountable senior person, and; Current and available for review and application e.g. through document and Information management systems.

PLN-001 Safety and Health Management Plan – S6 Risk Management Level 1 – Pre-task hazard identification (STAR) for all tasks or when conditions change

1. Workgroup members and supervisors are trained, and competency assessed in application of site risk and control management processes for routine tasks in standard work conditions.
2. Workers understand thresholds and seek further guidance when identifying hazards, assessing risks, and implementing required controls for non-routine tasks and routine tasks in non-standard conditions.
3. Supervisors are trained, and competency assessed in coaching and assisting workgroups to apply site risk and control management processes.
4. Supervisors are trained, and competency assessed in reviewing how workgroups have applied site risk and control management processes.
5. Site records are kept
6. Senior leaders monitor the application of the site risk and control management processes including supervisor checks and reviews.
7. Periodic audits and reviews confirm that site processes for hazard identification, risk assessment, and control management are practical, applied, align with good practice, and meet legislative and company requirements.
8. Leaders consider opportunities for improvement arising from reviews, audits, incident investigations, employee feedback etc. and when required they assign appropriate corrective actions.

OFI-49: Review site hazard identification and reporting KPIs

Workshop attendees discussed and highlighted that North Curragh sets Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for safety related activities including hazard identifications. Concerns were raised that major drivers for generating reports are to meet KPI numbers. This may mean that the information does not reflect actual hazards, status of controls, and their management in the operating environment.

Excessive numbers of hazard reports on a wide range of issues driven by quantity KPI metrics can lead and misalignment of organisational response and focus leading to ‘boy who cried wolf type outcomes.’ Effective management of hazards requires an adequacy analysis that considers current control(s) design, the reliability of their application, the potential for enhancement e.g. through technology and digitisation.

Review how site KPIs are set for hazard identification and other routine risk and control management tasks. Consider both quality and quantity metrics and how the reported information can be leveraged for improvement. Use the hazard reporting, incident, and other performance measures to prepare user requirements for technology and other digital solutions.

1. Performance reporting on the actual vs expected records of process being applied.
2. Training and competency records are generated and maintained for task-level decision makers.Records of field observations and inspections by supervisors and more senior personnel that confirm: Processes are understood and have been applied; Required controls are in place; Any follow-up actions are logged, monitored, and closed-out
3. Periodic reviews and audits of the design, application, and process outputs.
4. Quality analysis of task-level risk management records including improvement feedback to users.
5. As required post incident reviews.

1. The site has a permit process for identifying hazards and applying controls for defined activities such as confined space entry, electrical work, maintenance isolations, hot work, dig permits, etc.  The process is well designed and supports the safe and productive completion of high consequence tasks in complex work situations.  .
2. The process:
   1. Confirms situations and thresholds for its application (tasks and workflows requiring permits)
   2. Is managed by trained, competent, and manager approved personnel (permit authoriser).
   3. Details how all involved personnel are briefed on hazards, risks, and the maintenance of controls including handovers between shifts (permit issue and sign-on or off).
   4. Details how all involved personnel acknowledge their understanding of their required tasks and the maintenance of relevant controls (risk assessment for tasks covered in the permit as part of sign-on).
   5. Details how, where, and when related documents are stored, communicated, and updated (permits with signatures, and associated risk assessments).
   6. Details how records of the process are captured, monitored, and analysed (for continuous improvement).
3. Permits and other relevant resources are: Designed by subject matter experts and authorised by an accountable senior person, and; kept current and available for review and application e.g. through document and Information management systems.

CSP-012 Permit to Work 1. Introduction – Permit to Work systems are used for certain activities to enable an extra level of scrutiny and authorisation for inherently high-risk tasks… Also learning materials for Permit Holder and Permit Issuers

1. Short-term planners confirm when permits are required.
2. Permit issuers and authorisers are trained, competent, and authorised to issue permits.
3. Personnel are trained, and competency assessed in their accountabilities in the permit processes.
4. Workers understand thresholds (TARPs) and seek further guidance when permit situations change.
5. Supervisors are trained, and competency assessed in coaching and assisting workgroups to apply site permit processes.
6. Supervisors are trained, and competency assessed in reviewing how workgroups have applied site permit processes.
7. Site records are kept.

3. Scope  The procedure applies to activities undertaken under the following documents (hazard types) for which a Permit to Work is required:

• SMS-023 Cutting, Drilling or Excavating near a Concealed Service
• SOP-025 Controlling Access to and Working in Confined Space
• SMS-027 Working at Heights
• SOP-028 Cutting and Welding

While other ‘permits’ exist under Curragh’s Safety & Health Management System (SHMS), the permit process is addressed in those respective documents and is not covered by this Permit to Work system. This procedure covers the common aspects of the Permit to Work system to be applied across the hazard types. Additional specific requirements are detailed in the respective SOP/SMS documents

1. Training, competency, and authorisation records for permit issuers. 
2. Records of field observations and inspections by supervisors and more senior personnel that confirm:
1. Processes are understood and have been applied,
2. Required controls are in place
3. Any follow-up actions are logged, monitored, and closed-out
3. Periodic audits and reviews confirm that site permit processes for hazard identification, risk assessment, and control management are practical, applied, align with good practice, and meet legislative and company requirements.
4. Senior leaders monitor the application of the permit processes including supervisor checks and reviews. as input to the quality analysis of permit records generating improvement feedback to users.
5. As required post incident reviews.

1. Medical providers and site based rehabilitation officers are appointed and support the recovery of injured workers
2. Alternate duties are identified as required to support an injured worker transition back into their original role
3. Permanently impaired workers transition to alternate site based roles or leave the site to obtain off-site employment and care

PLN-001 Safety and Health Management Plan S11 Health and Hygiene …the plan provides for rehabilitation of injured workers…

1. When an incident occurs where a worker is injured the site rehabilitation officer engages with medical services to support a return-to-work process and document the requirements as a return-to-work plan
2. Medical assessments are carried out prior to commencement and regularly during workers’ employment
3. Injured workers follow their return-to-work plan whilst they are continuing to recover
4. Fully healed workers return to full time duties
5. Workers who can not return to their original roles are guided to alternate site, or off site, roles and treatment programs

1. Medical and rehabilitation reports are prepared by the return-to-work coordinator for review by senior leaders
2. As required the Human Resources Manager or other leaders intervene to support a worker transitioning to alternate roles, employment, or care
3. Records of injury outcomes are provided to relevant stakeholders for tracking and reporting